Report on Aspect of Contract and Negligence for Business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2284 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Report on Aspect of Contract and Negligence for Business- Lo- 3, 4 Executive Summary In this report the materials are what is Liabilty in Tort,Contractual liability,Nature of negligence what the elements of Tort, what Negligence, Vicarious Liability is and what is elements of negligence and I have explained how the elements of the tort of Negligence effect the business situations and how the elements of Vicarious Liability effect in business situation. Table of Content Topic Page No. Letter of transmittal 2 Acknowledgement 3 Excutive Summary 4 Contrast liability in tort with contractual liability 6 The Nature of Negligence 7-8 Vicariously Liable 9 Tort of negligence and defences in different business situation 10 Vicarious Liability 11 Reference 12 Contrast liability in tort with contractual liability Liability in tort Some sort of tort is really a legitimate time period expounding on a new violation where one person reasons injury, personal injury, or even difficulties for another individual. Your violation might originate from intentional measures, a new break connected with work like negligence, or even caused by a violation connected with statutes. Your bash in which commits the actual tort is termed the actual tortfeasor. Some sort of tortfeasor incurs tort the liability, which means that theyll need to pay the actual target to the damage they brought about them..In other words, this tortfeasor who is located for being à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“liableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  as well as accountable for a new personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s accidents will likely be required to pay out injuries. Beneath most tort laws, this damage sustained through the plaintiff wont have to essentially end up being physical. Any tortfeasor may perhaps be requir ed to pay out injuries intended for other forms involving cause harm to, which includes emotive worry or a violation involving personalized privileges. For Example- Garratt v. Dailey Five year old Brian Dailey (D) pulled a chair out from under Ruth Garratt just as she was about to sit causing her to fall and break her hip. Garratt brought suit for personal injuries and alleged that Dailey had acted deliberately. The trial court entered judgment for Dailey and found that he had not intended to injure Garratt. The court nevertheless made a finding of $11,000 in damages in case the judgment was overturned on appeal. Dailey appealed. Contractual Liability- Contractual the liability is thought as any the liability that is just not gonna come up incidentally involving negligence, although by means of predictions within contract or even deal. It is often misunderstood, in which this sort of the liability is vital into the insurance coverage in addition to threat managing indust rial sectors.This insurance protects the insured in the event of damage, he assumed liabilities, expressed or implied, is made ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹under a written agreement for the. For example, the construction contract with a municipality, the contractor for any accidents arising out of job hold harmless municipality is agreed to. The municipality will be responsible to create contractual liability insurance, which will protect the contractor from any damage. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Report on Aspect of Contract and Negligence for Business" essay for you Create order For Example Tesco v Constable The Nature of Negligence Negligence Negligence is usually a inability make use of sensible care in which ends up with problems for a different bash. Below carelessness legislations, there are 2 various kinds of carelessness. In one variety, a person can an issue that a practical person wont complete. Inside different variety a person does not work out to take action which a sensible person might decide on keep damage.Both forms of negligence can result in anegligence lawsuitfiled against the party responsible for the damage. Nature- Duty of Care-the defendant owed them a duty of care; Duty of carerefers to the circumstances and relationshipswhich legal issues acknowledges as giving surge into a legal work to adopt health care. A failure to adopt like health care could lead to the actual opposition currently being prone to shell out damage into a get together whos going to be damaged as well as is afflicted with burning. as a result of their breach ofduty of care. Theref ore it is necessary for the claimant to establish that the defendant owed them aduty of care.The existence of aduty of caredependsonthe type of lossand different legal tests apply to different losses. Thislecture considers the position in relation to personal injury and property damage. Seethe other lectures forpsychiatric injury, pure economic loss and defective items. For Example-Donoghue v Stevenson. Breach of Duty- the defendant was in breach of that duty; Breach of dutyin negligence liability may be found to exist where the defendant fails to meet the standard of care required by law.Once it has been established that the defendant owed the claimant a duty of care, the claimant must also demonstrate that the defendant was inbreach of duty. The test ofbreach of dutyis generally objective,however, there may be slight variations to this. For Example-Vaughan v Menlove(1837) Causation- the breach of dutycaused damage and; Causationrefers to the enquiry as to whether the defendants conduct (or omission) caused the harm or damage.Causationmust be established in all result crimes. Causation incriminal liabilityis divided intofactual causation andlegal causation. Factual causation is the starting point and consists of applying thebut fortest. More often than not, where right now there exist not any complicating factors, factual causation without attention will probably be all you need to determine causation. However, in certain circumstances it will always be needed to consider appropriate causation. Under appropriate causation the actual result should be the consequence of culpable take action, there isnt any qualification that this take action from the defendant had been the sole bring about, there has to be not any novus actus interveniens plus the defendant should acquire his or her unwilling recipient while he or she confirms your pet (thin mind rule). For Example- R v White[1910] Damage- the damage was not too remote A pecuniary com pensation or indemnity, which may be recovered in the courts by any person who has suffered loss, detriment, orinjury,whether to his person, property, or rights, through the  unlawful act oromission or  negligence  of another. For Example- Scott v. Donald Remoteness Relates to the requirement that this harm should be of the direct kind. In negligence boasts, once the claimant has established that this opponent owes these some sort of job of treatment and is particularly throughout break of their job that has caused harm, they have to additionally display that this harm wasnt too remote. Seclusion of harm need to be applied to boasts beneath the Occupiers Liability Works and nuisance boasts. Remoteless of damage can often be known as an additional procedure of managing tortious responsibility. Its not all decline will be recoverable throughout tort regulation.. Originally a defendant was liable for all losses which were a direct consequence of the defendants breach of duty: For Example: Re Polemis Furness Withy Company ltd. Vicariously Liable Vicarious liability is the process of holding a person accountable for the actions of another person. Often, the concept of vicarious liability applies to  employer liability  for the actions of their employees. If someone is injured in the course of their employment, an employee, the employer may be subject to vicarious liability. This is only the injured person rather than the employee, the employer will not be able to win compensation for the damage.Its compensation for an employer to an employee rather than an injured person is often pursue. It is likely that the employer has insurance cover for damage, the deep pockets, and, in general, greater than the employee who the employer may have the financial means because.These employees can always count on getting away Scot-free, though, is not to say. Vicarious liability, even if the injured person will not necessarily give up any rights he did not pursue individual employees. For some reason, the injured person is unable to get compensation from the employer in full, then the employee may seek to recover the balance. (In practice this rarely happens, though) In addition, the employer may seek reimbursement for any amount paid to the person injured as well.In the insurance business, employers and employees of their employment, they must generally be vicarious liability for the damage will be estimated. For Example-Lister v Hesley Hall Ltd (2001) Tort of negligence and defences in different business situation Anz properties and Golam Morshed There is a contract between Anz Properties Limited and Golam Morshed with some law on terms which includes all terms and condition.This contract form was made by Anz Properties limited.After signing the contract this shows that both parties are agreed with the terms and conditions.There is also written in the contract that anz properties have to include earthquake prove materials. After completing the project anz properties handover the building to Golam Morshed.After few years in 2005 there was earthquake in Bangladesh and it has been effected many building including Golam Morshed Apartment.So Golam Morshed went to Anz Properties office and and said about this things but Mr Humayan Parves was denying this things that they included earthquake prove raw materials.Then Golam Morshed went to the court to sue them and the court give the permission to investigate.The investigator found that they have been used but they used very poor raw materials but in contract there was written they will use best raw materials in buildings.So investigators it was a negligence and it is done by Mr Humayan Parves and this was a breach of duty. So after getting all the prove ,the court odered anz properties to renovate the whole building or give some money to Mr Golam Morshed.For anz properties it was a great loss and Mr Humayan Parves is responsible for that. Nanna Biriyani There is a contract between Nanna Biriyani and Hazi Monjur with some law on terms which includes all terms and condition.This contract form was made by Nanna Biriyani.In terms condition Nanna Biriyani specifically said that they will never harm their customer by serving germs food.So in 2007 in the month of Shab-E-Barat night there will be full of customer in Nanna Biriyani Branch at Becharom Dewari,there are very crowd at that night,So by mistake one staff gave expired Bhorhani which was made before Shab-E-Barat and it was not preserved in Freeze.After drink that Bhorhani customer become ill very badly after that he admitted in the hospital,After few days he again came back to Nanna Biriyani and claim about Bhorhani but the staff denied about the matter so claimant went to court to sue them.The court give the permission to investigate.The investigator found that there was a negligence by staff and claimant become ill because of that and the supervisor whose duty to check this kind of situation who did not check it properly so it was his breach of duty. Vicarious Liability Bellal Pharmacy In 2009 there was pharmacy store at lalbagh.Mr belal is selling all times of medicine,Day-by-Day his business is going so well.He is very well known in Lalbagh.So one day one customer came to buy Rice Saline for his sister.The customer bought 6 rice saline without checking the expired date.His sister ate the rice saline and become ill and after few days she become very ill. After inve stigating all this things the customer went to the court to sue him.The court give the permission to investigate his pharmarcy store.The investigor team found that Mr bellal is selling expired date medicine from long time ago by changing the date with his Marker.Mr bellal agreed this things and agreed to give full compensation and treatment cost of that customers.So Mr.bellal is liable for this situation. Nanna Biriyani As we all know that nanna biriyani is one of the tasty food in Bangladesh.So in 2012 to make more profit they used to give filter water.So one day there they forget to bring the water tank and they give customer unboiled water directly from water pump.Many customer drink and become ill because the customer did not know about the matter.if they obiviously they wont drunk this types of water.So after few days many of the customer came and claim nanna biriyani but they denied.So many people went to the court to sue them. The court give the permission to investigat e nanna biriyani.After investigate Nanna Biriyani the investigator team found some times they do this things and they agreed.so Nanna Biriyani was vicariously liable for this things and nanna biriyani gave a compensation or treatment cost of the claimant so it was great loss for the organization and it might be effect very badly on the reputation of the organization. Reference Turner Hodge, CR SH, 2004.. (2012).unlocking tort.Available: www.findlaw.co.uk/law/accidents_and_injuries/accident_claims/500045.html. Last accessed 11/June/2014. Turner Hodge, CR SH, 2004.. (2012).unlocking tort.Available: www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/tort-law-liability.html. Last accessed 11/June/2014. Turner Hodge, CR SH, 2004.. (2012).unlocking tort.Available: https://torts.uslegal.com/negligence/defenses-to-negligence/. Last accessed 11/June/2014. Turner Hodge, CR SH, 2004.. (2012).unlocking tort.Available: https://www.rehab-bd.org/viewCompanyPage.php?companyID=1468action= contact . Last accessed 11/June/2014. Turner Hodge, CR SH, 2004.. (2012).unlocking tort.Available: www.antiessays.com/free-essays/Vicarious-Liability-One-Of-The-586216.html. Last accessed 11/June/2014. Turner Hodge, CR SH, 2004.. (2012).unlocking tort.Available: www.avvo.com/legal-answers/are-we-really-liable-and-what-are-our-options960989.html. Last accessed 11/June/2014. Turner Hodge, CR SH, 2004.. (2012).unlocking tort.Available: https://www.louisianapersonalinjurylawyerblog.com/2013/04/understanding_the_duty_of_care.html. Last accessed 11/June/2014 Turner Hodge, CR SH, 2004.. (2012).unlocking tort.Available: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Duty-of-care.php. Last accessed 11/June/2014. Book Reference Turner Hodge, CR SH, 2004. (2004).unlocking tort. london: Turner Hodge. 1-100. 1

The Merchant of Venice and Shylock Offering - 901 Words

Many different people can be good or bad or might seem good but actually bad or the other way around. In The merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, shylock, the money lending Jew, is seen more like a villain then a victim. Shylock is a villain because he cares more about his money then he cares about his daughter, he is not merciful towards shylock and hewants a pound of flesh from Antonio for hi revenge. First of all shylock is a villain because he cares more about his ducats then his daughter, Jessica. Shylock cares more about his money then his daughter because when Jessica left home with Lorenzo, that she planned to elope with, shylock was really mad because his daughter left but mostly he was mad because she left with a lot of†¦show more content†¦This quote is Shylock offering to Antonio the money interest free but under the condition of one pound flesh if he does not repay in time â€Å"Expressed in the condition, let the forfeit/be nominated for an equal pound/Of your fair flesh to be cut off and taken†(I.iii.151-153). Shylock wanted revenge towards Antonio for what he had done so he made this bond this proves that shylock is a villain In conclusion, Shylock is a villain since he does not care about his daughter more then his money and he wants revenge on Antonio by getting a pound of flesh. Like you can see in the merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, Shylock is seen as a horrible man. People are good or bad those this mean they were born that way or you get bad or good later on in life. Works cited Shakespeare, William. The merchant of Venice. Ed. Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. Lamar New York: Simon and Schuster Inc, 1957.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeares The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare features, Shylock a very controversial character due to his religion, profession and personal traits. Professionally Shylock lends money to people in debt, in order to gain interest and profit. Although, this is very much central to our modern way of life, in the Elizabethan period, money lending was not accepted as an acceptable profession. Throughout The Merchant of Venice Shylock is portrayedRead More Essay on Justice vs. Morality in Measure for Measure and Merchant of Venice1107 Words   |  5 PagesJustice vs. Morality in Measure for Measure and Merchant of Venice    There are many similarities shared between Shakespeares plays, Measure for Measure, and The Merchant of Venice.   The underlying theme of each work is well defined by the phrase Justice without the temperance of mercy, is power misused.   I will support this claim by drawing upon some of the characters and situations that are consistent in each story. In each story a mans life depends on the interpretation, andRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare1206 Words   |  5 Pageshusbands, not as autonomous in their own individuality. How does The Merchant of Venice interrogate this ideological (and historically factual) denial of female selfhood through the words and actions of Portia and Jessica? 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Secondly, as a means through which Portia gives and then regains control of herself, her weath and power and finally, the theft and sale of Leahs turquoise ring acts as a source of sympathy towards Shylock and allows him to parallel the Christian husbands, Bassanio and Graziano. A ring is, in andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice2059 Words   |  9 Pagesin The Merchant of Venice resembles a folktale known as â€Å"A Pound of Flesh† (325). Artese supports his supposition with background context and parallels between the two story lines. Literary versions of the pound of flesh story circulated during the sixteenth century and were collected since the nineteenth century because of the plot’s longevity and populairity Shakespeare would have been familiar with pound of flesh stories (326). Human commodification is a central issue in both The Merchant of VeniceRead MoreEssay about Shylock in The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare1704 Words   |  7 PagesShylock in The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice contains an array of interesting and complex characters. From the alternately generous and grasping Antonio to the alternately love stricken and exploitative Bassanio to the vulnerable and manipulative Portia, this play has an abundance of multi-layered personalities. However, one of the most intriguing characters is also the most oft-vilified and minimized in the work. This characterRead More Appearance vs. Reality in The Merchant of Venice Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesAppearance vs. Reality in The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice explores the theme of Appearance versus Reality. The theme is supported with many examples in the form of characters, events and objects. During the discussion of the bond, Shylock says to Antonio â€Å" I would be friends with you and have your love† and â€Å"this kindness will I show†. He pretends to be Antonio’s friend, but he has an ulterior motive, which is to take a pound of Antonio’s flesh from whatever part of his body

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 15 Free Essays

8 months earlier†¦ Ella â€Å"You’re not seriously going to climb up that tree, are you?† Micha frowns at me through the dark. He’s dressed in a pair of sexy jeans that make his butt look good and his black t-shirt fits him perfectly. â€Å"You’re gonna break your neck. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 15 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † I rub my hands together and give him a devious look. â€Å"You know how much I love a challenge.† From behind him, the moon shines from the sky and his blonde hair nearly glows. â€Å"Yeah, but you’re a little out of it right now and I don’t think you should be climbing up any trees.† â€Å"I’ll be fine.† I wave him off, pushing the sleeves of my leather jacket up. He always worries about me. I like that he does, but it doesn’t mean I always listen to him. â€Å"Besides, if my dad catches me coming in, and he happens to be sober, I’m going to get chewed out for sneaking out and being drunk, especially because I was supposed to be on mom duty tonight.† Gripping a branch, I attempt to wedge my foot up in the tree. But it falls to the ground and I grunt with frustration. Micha laughs, shaking his head as he walks around behind me. â€Å"If you break your neck, pretty girl,† he says. â€Å"It’s not my fault.† â€Å"You know your nickname for me is not fitting.† I grab the branch again. â€Å"You need to think of a new one.† He sweeps my hair to the side and puts his lips beside my ear. â€Å"It’s completely fitting. You’re the most beautiful girl I know, Ella May.† Through my foggy brain, I try to process what he’s saying. â€Å"Are you trying to be funny?† He shakes his head. â€Å"I’m being completely serious. But there’s no need to panic. I’m sure you’ll forget all about it by the time morning rolls around.† I bob my head up and down. â€Å"You’re probably right.† He laughs again and his warm breath tickles my ear, sending a shiver through my body. I almost turn around, rip open his shirt, and thrust my tongue into his mouth, but I don’t want to ruin our friendship. He’s all I have at the moment and I need him more than air. So I bottle my feelings up the best I can. He spreads his fingers across my waist where my shirt rides up, making the situation a little awkward. â€Å"Okay, on the count of three I’m going to boost you into the tree. Be Careful. One†¦ Two†¦ Three†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He lifts me up into the tree and I swing my legs up. The bark scratches at the back of my legs a little and the palms of Micha’s hands cup my ass as he pushes me up the rest of the way. It makes me giggle. Once I’m up, he climbs up himself. His hands reunite with my waist and he assists me up the tree and into my window. I tumble through it and onto the floor with his quiet laughter surrounding me. â€Å"You’re going to regret this in the morning,† he says with laughter in his voice. â€Å"You’re going to have a headache from hell.† I kneel beside the window as he steps back out onto the branch. â€Å"Hey, Micha.† I crook my finger at him and he rolls his eyes, but tolerates me and returns to the windowsill. I throw my arms around his neck. â€Å"You’re my hero. You know that?† I kiss his cheek. His skin is so soft. I start to move away when his head turns toward me and our lips connect briefly. When he pulls back, I can’t read him at all. â€Å"Sweet dreams, pretty girl.† He grins and climbs back down the tree. My head becomes even foggier as I shut the window. Did he kiss me on purpose? I shake the thought away and wrestle my arms out of my jacket. The house is silent, except for the sound of flowing water coming from the bathroom. I head out into the hall, figuring my mom’s left the bath running again. She does that sometimes when she’s distracted. The door is locked, so I knock on it. â€Å"Mom, are you in there?† I call out. Water swishes from inside and I realize the carpet beneath my feet is sloshy. I sober up real quick, and rush to my closet to grab a hanger. Stretching it out, I shove the end into the lock of the bathroom. It clicks and I push the door open. The scream that leaves my mouth could shatter the world’s happiness into a thousand pieces. But the silence that follows it is enough to dissolve it completely. Micha â€Å"What are you so happy about tonight?† my mom questions when I walk into the house. â€Å"I’m as happy as I always am.† I join her at the kitchen table and steal a cookie from a plate. She takes off her glasses and rubs the sides of her nose. There’s a calculator, a checkbook, and a whole lot of bills stacked in front of her. â€Å"No, I haven’t seen you smile like this in a while.† â€Å"I just had a really good night.† I take out my wallet and hand my mom a couple of twenties and a hundred dollar bill. â€Å"Here, this is what I got for working a weekend at the shop.† My mom shakes her head and tosses the money in my direction. â€Å"Micha Scott, I’m not going to take my son’s money.† I throw it on top of the bills and push away from the table. â€Å"Yes, you are. I want to help out.† â€Å"Micha I – â€Å" â€Å"Stop arguing and take it young lady,† I warn with humor in my tone. She sighs, defeated, and collects the money. â€Å"You’re a good son. Do you know that?† â€Å"Only because I was taught to be.† I head for my room, but hear a scream from outside. I backtrack into the kitchen. â€Å"Did you just hear that?† My mom’s eyes are wide as she stares at the back door. â€Å"I think it came from the Daniel’s house.† A billion different scenarios rush through my head as I run outside, hop the fence, and burst into her house. â€Å"Ella!† It’s quiet, except for water running upstairs. I dash up the staircase, skipping steps. â€Å"Ella†¦Ã¢â‚¬  My body chills like ice. Ella is standing in the doorway and her mom is in the bathtub filled with red water that’s spilling out all over the floor. â€Å"Ella, what happened?† She flinches and then turns to me. Her pupils have taken over her eyes and the look on her face will haunt me for the rest of my life. â€Å"I think she killed herself,† she says numbly and holds out her hands, which are smudged with blood. â€Å"I checked her pulse and she doesn’t have one.† I take out my cell phone and call 911. When I hang up, Ella collapses into my arms and stays there, unmoving until the ambulance shows up. She doesn’t cry – she barely breathes and it nearly kills me because I can’t do anything to help her. How to cite The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 15, Essay examples

International Marketing Mix Theoretical Management

Question: Discuss about the International Marketing Mix Theoretical Management. Answer: Introduction Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA) is an Australian multinational bank which operates in New Zealand, Fiji, USA, UK and several countries in Asia. It has about 1,100 branches operational in these locations and has total revenue of AUD $ 24.578 billion with AUD $ 12.854 billion. The major competitors of the company are Wespac Banking Corporation and National Australia Bank Limited (Dun Badstreet, 2017). These companies have a higher market share in comparison to Common Wealth Bank, Australia and high customer loyalty. It is the largest life insurer and largest investment manager in the retail activities. It has also made investment in different financial annuities and provides funding to different organizations. It has one of the largest market shares in New Zealand in the life insurance market. It also operates in number of countries in Asia and Pacific (Commonbankwalth Bank of Australia, 2017). Presently, the company is able to achieve a high market share due to its digital services and constant customer support. The online services of the company are successful due to the excellent 24 hours services provided to the users (Commonbankwalth Bank of Australia, 2017). In its new 12-month term marketing plan, the Company should develop strategies to increase the market share in the Australian market as well as expand its operations in the foreign markets. Currently, the company needs to focus on increasing the customer loyalty in the Australian Market by providing exceptional services. Despite being the largest bank in Australia and backed by the Australian government, it has less market share than its major competitors like Wespac and National Australia Bank Limited. Therefore, the proposed marketing plan for the company is focused on increasing the make share in Australia. If the bank increases its brand value in Australia and New Zealand then it will also increase its market worth in other operational countries. It is important due to heightened competition between emerging banks and the current competition in the Australian and the Asian markets. Marketing Objectives In the present context, the company should develop SMART objectives to achieve its marketing objectives. With the current marketing plan, the company should primarily aim to expand its market share in the Australian market and in the New Zealand market. Along with it, the company should also focus on expanding its operations in the emerging foreign markets where the market share is low. In this regard, for the new 12 months marketing plan, SMART goals have been developed: The Commonwealth Bank of Australia will increase its market share in Australia by 20% in one year with the current marketing strategy It will also try to increase the customer loyalty and consumer reliability with the current plan. The company will target to provide exceptional services and excellent product offering to the customers to retain its existing customers and preventing them in switching to other brands. The company aims to increase customer loyalty by 50% in one year. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia should also try to penetrate new and emerging markets with the new marketing plan. The organization is prominent in insurance market in New Zealand. It should utilize the current marketing strategy to expand the retail banking operations in New Zealand. It is aimed that the company will be able to expand its share by 10% in the New Zealand market (Hurd, Barcelona Meldrum, 2008). Segmentation, Target Market and Positioning Australia is geographically segregated market. The market of Australia can be segregated in terms of geography and demographics (Stroud, 2007). It is important for the organizations to segregate the market accordingly and target a specific market as per the market potential. Segmentation: The Australian market can be divided into different consumer segments according to the geography, demographics, psychograph and behavior (Moore and Pareek, 2009). The Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA) has different consumer groups. It provides banking facilities to middle-class customers. Along with it, the bank also provides loan facilities for housing and vehicles. The company also provides loan facilities to the farmers at a cheap cost. It also provides loan facilities to number of business ventures. Targeting: In the present context, the target market of the young entrepreneurs is selected. A large number of people are venturing in the start-up business but they lack the finances to position their business. The company can bank on the current start up culture in Australia and launch a product for the startup businesses in the country. Currently, the startup businesses in Australia are worth 29 billion dollars for the banking organizations (Hutchinson and Han, 2014). Positioning: The Company can position the product by incorporating additional features in the products. It can provide advisory and forex services to the startups. It can also provide payment solutions and wealth management services as these entities are novice in conducting business transactions. The account holders will also get assistance in tax regulation and the compliance issues (Clow Baack, 2011). The company will position its product in the target market by being perceived by the consumer as being different, unique and superior. The bank will provide several additional facilities along with the loan facilities which will attract the new customers. It includes providing advisory services, wealth management and opportunity to be backed by one of the largest bank of Australia. The positioning statement of the ban can be developed as: The Commonwealth Bank of Australia is dedicated to provide accessible financial support through services and expert solutions so that I can contribute to the business processes and peoples lives. Appropriate Marketing Mix The marketing mix refers to controllable and tactical marketing tools which are used to yield desired response from the target market. The marketing mix refers to four main variables which are manipulated to develop the marketing strategy of a company. Product: In the product offering, The Commonwealth Bank of Australia will develop a loan product for the entrepreneurial ventures. The customers want to buy the product which adds value or which provide solutions to their problems. Currently, there is startup trend in Australia and several entrepreneurs are venturing into the businesses. These businesses want monetary funds to support their vision and business. The bank will provide support to these ideas by providing financial funding. It will also provide advisory services, forex service and wealth management services to the customers. These services will provide competitive advantage for the bank. Along with it, the company will also provide never-ending, online customer care support to all the clients so that they can access the services with ease (Belohlavek, 2008). Price: Since the number of competitors in the loan industry is high, it is important that the company selects the most appropriate marketing strategy to penetrate the market. The company should follow the penetration pricing strategy wherein the initial cost of buying the product is high. This pricing strategy is adopted to attract a large number of customers and gain a high market share. The product prices are raised later once the company obtains market share. This strategy is commonly used by the companies to obtain the market share or increase the existing market share of the company. This strategy is commonly adopted by the business organizations when it is difficult to them to obtain market share due to large rate of competition. Therefore, this strategy is appropriate for The Commonwealth Bank of Australia to increase their market share in Australia (Richter, 2012). Place Strategy: Currently, the company has operations in different countries all across the globe. However, it is difficult for the company to introduce the new loan product at different locations due to regulatory compliance and laws at different locations. Therefore, it is important for the organization to select some specific destinations to launch the product initially. The bank has considerable awareness in Australia and New Zealand. Therefore, it can launch the product in these countries (Foxall, 2014). Promotion: In the marketing mix, the promotion refers to all the activities which involve communication with the customers. The marketing and promotional strategy of the company is the most fundamental part in the product sales. In this strategy, a company determines how it is going to communicate with the consumers regarding the benefits and the features of the product. The promotional strategy of a company is crucial as it assists the company to determine how it is going to convey the qualities and the price of the product. In this regard, the company can use different marketing strategies such as broadcast media, social media, word of mouth, engaging in charity events and launching contests for the customers. In the current situation, the company should use the promotional strategy of broadcast promotion and social media promotion. In the Australian cities, the residential segregation is high; therefore, it is important that the company follows a broadcast media strategy wherein i ts outreach for the customers is maximized. The company can use newspapers and television as their promotional strategy. It can broadcast the message that it is offering low cost loans to the customers who are trying to venture into entrepreneurial business. The bank can also attract new customers by offering several advisory and the wealth management services. Along with it, the Bank should also use the social media marketing to reach the target customer base. The company is targeting the customer base of young entrepreneurs who are highly active on the social media. Therefore, it is important for the organization to incorporate social media in its marketing strategy. It can reach the potential customers and create brand and the product awareness through social media marketing. In addition to it, the bank should also use the email marketing techniques. Currently, the company can use the social media analytics and the market intelligence to identify the potential customers. The bank can send one-to-one email to these customers to increase customer base (Reid Bojanic, 2009). Conclusion The Commonwealth Bank of Australia is the largest bank in Australia backed by the Australian government. However, in the recent years, several competitors such as Wespac and National Australia Bank Limited have emerged which have snatched its market share and reduced its market position. Therefore, the current 12 months long marketing plan for the company is focused on increasing the market share of the company in the market of Australia and New Zealand. The objective of the marketing plan is to increase its current market share in Australia and New Zealand. The target customer base of young entrepreneurs is selected for the organization. The marketing mix has been proposed for the current marketing plan. References Hutchinson, J. and Han, M. 2014. Australian start-ups eyeing big banks insane profits. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 23 March 2017 from https://www.smh.com.au/business/australian-startups-eyeing-big-banks-insane-profits-20140617-3ab5l.html Commonwealth Bank of Australia. (2017). Retrieved 23 March 2017 from https://www.commbank.com.au/about-us.html?ei=mv_about-us Dun Badstreet. (2017). COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA Competition. Retrieved 23 March 2017 from https://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/competition.commonwealth_bank_of_australia.83a335c8d65f70a7.html Hurd, A.R., Barcelona, R.J., Meldrum, J.T. (2008). Leisure Services Management. Human Kinetics. Moore, K. and Pareek, N. (2009). Marketing: The Basic. Routledge. Stroud, D. (2007). The 50 Plus Market: Why the Future is Age-neutral when it Comes to Marketing and Branding Strategies. Kogan Page Publishers. Clow, K.E. and Baack, D. (2011). Cases in Marketing Management. SAGE Publications. Richter, T. (2012). International Marketing Mix Management: Theoretical Framework, Contingency Factors and Empirical Findings from World-Markets. Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. Belohlavek, P. (2008). Unicist Marketing Mix. Blue Eagle Group. Richter, T. (2012). International Marketing Mix Management: Theoretical Framework, Contingency Factors and Empirical Findings from World-Markets. Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. Foxall, G. (2014). Strategic Marketing Management (RLE Marketing). Routledge. Reid, R.D., Bojanic, D.C. (2009). Hospitality Marketing Management. John Wiley and Sons.

Mass Sixth Extinction and How it is Unnatural Essays - Biology

Mass Sixth Extinction and How it is Unnatural After roughly 3.5 billion years of evolution, a vanishing of it all is rapidly approaching. The Earth has seen such a calamitous mass extinction events before. In the last approximate 540 million years; the Earth has seen five major mass extinctions. These occurrences are so extraordinary that they are known as the "Big Five." However, this period, the Holocene Era, may soon be known as the Earth's "sixth mass extinction". The Holocene extinction is in progress and it is said that it will be unlike any other mass extinction. Opposing all the previous extinctions that have been driven by natural environmental changes or catastrophic asteroid impacts, the Holocene extinction will be linked to biodiversity loss due to human action.Whether people believe that we are facing a mass extinction at this time or not, the fact that the Earths biodiversity loss is unquestionable. Since the year 1500, more than 320 terrestrial vertebrates have become extinct. Studies propose the lingering terrest rial vertebrate populations that survived the extinctions have revealed a twenty-five percent average deterioration in abundance. All of this data and decline are linked to humans. Earth's biodiversity involves all the varieties of plants, animals, and other living things in the world. All that lives in the Earth's biodiversity is part of the network of life. From every species of foliage and every creature on Earth, each have a place and plays a dynamic part in the circle of life. Plants, animals, and insects all interrelate and depend upon one another for what each offer, such as food, housing, oxygen, and soil enrichment. However, humans are over using resources, destroying habitats, familiarizing non-native species, scattering pathogens, slaughter species directly, and shifting global climate. All of these things, including several more, are now instigating the sixth mass extinction through humans' violations on the Earth's biodiversity. The major stimulus of Earth's ongoing ha rm of biodiversity is overpopulation. Currently, there are over seven billion people on Earth, and roughly 227,000 are added daily. Subsequently, with a rising population means an increasing need for resources to accommodate the inhabitants. What Is Biodiversity states that "Humans annually consume forty-two percent of the Earth's terrestrial net primary productivity, thirty percent of its marine net primary productivity, and fifty percent of its fresh water. Additionally, "Forty percent of the planet's land is devoted to human food production and fifty percent of the planet's land mass has been transformed for human use." While the human population is budding, the other species are vanishing 1,000 to 10,000 times faster than the ordinary amount. Earth's aquatic biodiversity and water structure is also suffering due to the current loss of biodiversity. Earth's oceans are the world's main source of food. However, over the last 60 years the stock of large fish has dropped by ninety pe rcent. Around 1.2 billion people consume fish as their main source of protein. Over fishing is the main cause in the sharp drop in numbers of fish. In fact, Lee and Safina states, "Long-line fishing vessels deploys approximately 1.4 billion hooks a year, and trawling vessels cast nets with openings up to the size of 4 football fields." The issues confronting aquatic biodiversity is also the same problem distressing land dwelling species biodiversity. If a species' population is depleted to low points that the species' part as prey, predator, and/or competitor is affected; it is extremely harmful and distresses the whole ecosystem. Fundamentally, all the species living in the same bionetwork will become naturally or functionally extinct; including to both marine and earthly life. The reason is because plummeting competition and/or predation, permits additional species to become more dominant in the ecosystem. Therefore, this disturbs the usual stability of numerical and practical ass ociations between species in an ecosystem. The overpopulation of humans, brings issues that affect biodiversity negatively. Human habitats grow with the swelling human populations causing more industrial growth, along with the spreading of diseases and pollution. In areas where there are high concentrations of people that leads to a large incidence of rodents, bringing high amounts of pathogens, meaning an upsurge in the risk of transmitting disease. In prominent manufacturing areas, there larger amounts of pollution, having an influence

Mrs Johnstone Essay Example

Mrs Johnstone Essay Example Mrs Johnstone Essay Mrs Johnstone Essay HI! Maybe we can help with your question. On Marked by Teachers, teachers and top students analyses all sorts of English essays to give you an insiders look into what makes a great essay. Come and visit our English essay section on Marked by Teachers and use this analysis and advice to write your own masterpiece at GEESE or A-level! Were Tsars sister site, so youre sure to feel right at home straight away. Just take our free tour to see how we can help you with your studies. Thanks! Your English study helper HI! Maybe we can help with your question. Your English study helper Your English study helper! Should nuns change their degree classifications? Hello! Im NOT bored, but you can ask me anyway:) How to transfer photos from pod computer Ask me anything? Last message received The Shiny, NEW Cutlass Chat Thread see more Study resources English Horror Story Creative Writing Coursework I was driving for about three hours when I realized I had taken the wrong turning and was hopelessly lost. I An Inspector Calls MPH Scout- To Kill a Mockingbird AQUA English Lit ATTACK Possible Topics Victorian books Fun wardresses Presentational Devices Article updates Mathematics entry requirements edited by: Daugherty, 14 Minutes Ago SST. Andrews Applicants Stalking Page 2014 Entry edited by: SRAM, 16 Minutes Ago Costa Coffee edited by: Letters, 25 Minutes Ago A-Level Economics edited by: Heroes, 2 Hours Ago Birmingham Applicants for 2014 Entry Stalking Page edited by: Jeff 995, 2 Hours Ago Moderators We have a brilliant team of more than 60 volunteers looking after discussions on The Student Room, helping to make it a fun, safe and useful place to hang out. This forum is moderated by: TSR Moderator Purple Giraffe Hal. E. Laugh turreted Lolls Democracy Mad Veal random Illusionary Loaders 1 Hype en Jocose glycols Spotlight O Copyright The Student Room 2013 all rights reserved The Student Room, Get Revising and Marked by Teachers are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT NO. 806 8067 22 Shortcuts Home Forums Articles Study help Personal statements University Health relationships Pastoral Careers Finance Hobbies interests Debate current affairs Get Started Todays posts Unanswered posts Polls Arcade Photo albums TSR Group Marked by Teachers Get Revising using TSR Community guidelines Cookies and online safety Mod team (staff/supporters) News, help and feedback Terms and conditions FAQ and help

Reflective Report of a Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflective Report of a Presentation - Essay Example Our chosen leader was Odunola. We allocated ourselves different subtopics on which to research and write about. Each member of the group was to research only a particular area of the topic. I was allocated the duty of compiling the work that the group members had done and coming up with the conclusion. By dividing the work amongst ourselves, we managed to make the work easier and bearable for each one of us considering time limitations. Subsequent meetings mainly involved getting to know how far the group had done in meeting the main objective. During these meetings, we got the opportunity to see and read what each one of the group members had done. We discussed on everyone’s points and critiqued one another positively in a bid to ensure that our overall output was constructive and qualitative, and so that we pushed ourselves to complete the work within the limited time that we had. We were fortunate that the meetings were objective and every person’s had time to present their input to the extent that there were no heated exchanges or ugly scenes. As part of my preparation for the presentation, I visited the British Library and consulted other students and people that I thought were more knowledgeable in the subject. While I got constructive input from some of the individuals that I consulted, the library proved to be invaluable. I encountered several books that gave me hints, clues and information directly related to my assigned subtopic. I was actually lost for choice which sources to rely on for my part. I managed to compile the final document in good time before the due date for the presentation. We made our presentation on March 18, 2014 at around 1315 as scheduled, each one of us presenting their parts as we had earlier agreed for a total of 25 minutes. I realized that presenting before an audience is not an easy task. Odunola presented the introduction after which

Research proposal in South Australia Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

In South Australia - Research Proposal Example During the first quarter of 2015, K&S Corporation had encountered a major problem regarding corporate fraudulent. The Victorian Police had charged two of the former employees for misappropriation of funds during the period 2007 to 2014 (Changarathil, 2015; Evans, 2015). The company was subject to fraudulent misappropriation of about $7.1 million during the above mentioned period (Changarathil, 2015). This business issue has forced the company to undergo legal charges and it has even taken legal action against KPMG, which was its external auditor. Hence, this business issue will be discussed in the report. The reason for selecting the particular topic is that financial fraud had affected a number of companies during the financial crisis period. Hence, a report will be prepared based on the business issue that is encountered by K&S Corporation. Corporate financial fraud had gained attention in the past few decades (Srinivasan, 2005). It had contributed towards financial crisis that affected the global economy during the period 2007-2008 (Blanton, 2012). It is observed that a number of regulations had failed to generate any positive result in combating against the financial fraud that took place within the private and public companies (Agrawal and Chadha, 2005). The fraudulent activities had raised concern regarding the effectiveness of the corporate governance of the companies. According to Srinivasan (2005), the fraudulent activities undertaken by the companies had not only affected the internal business operation but also created great impact on interest of the shareholders. The stakeholders, which include the shareholders, employees and general public, are affected by the decreasing trend in the sales revenue over the years as the profit declined subsequently. The decrease in profit of the companies affected the dividen d per share that is offered on the investment amount to the investors or shareholders (Agrawal and Chadha, 2005). Hence, the

Impact of Generation Y on Management Effectiveness in Organizations Thesis

Impact of Generation Y on Management Effectiveness in Organizations - Thesis Example EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF GEENRATION Y Strategies used for Generation Y employee management Managerial Problems with Generation Y Strategies to improve performance CHAPTER 5. RESEARCH DESIGN Research Question/Problem Statement Research Approach Research Methodology Secondary Analysis of Data – Significance and Relevance to the Research Objective Basis for Data Analysis CHAPTER 6. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS Key findings of the study Interpretation and Analysis of Research Findings Discussion of Main Issue CHAPTER 7. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND AREAS REQUIRING FURTHER RESEARCH Research Summary Conclusion Recommendations and Suggestion Areas Requiring Further Research APPENDIX REFERENCE LIST DETAILED OUTLINE CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION The chapter presents a concise overview to the entire research study. It introduces the topic of the dissertation and the approach selected for exploring the mentioned topic. The chapter allows having quick look at the whereabouts of the research study by describing the background of the issues selected for the study. The chapter explaining the main motive behind the research, the research objectives, methodology and the research approach. In this chapter the background of the research study is explained to provide an understanding about the topic of the dissertation. Moreover the problem definition and the research objectives further explain the intentions of the research study. The scope and limitation of the research, the significance of its topic and the expected contribution of the research study are also describes to explain the importance and scope of the research study topics. Furthermore the key concepts and terms are defined at the end of the chapter so that the reader can have understanding of all the related issues and concepts before going through the other chapters of the dissertation Statement of the Problem The statement of problem concisely tells about the main issue going to be explored in the study. It introduce s the main objective and rationale of the research in single sentence to prove that the research work is well directed towards the attainment of a well defined objective. The statement of problem informs that the dissertation aims to have an insight over the issues and problems that the managers face in attaining satisfying level of employee performance due to increased dependency of generation Y upon the technological advancements. Purpose of the Study The section clearly states the main objectives of the research by listing out the specific purposes. It tells that the study aims to achieve three specific purposes including identification of the management problems in dealing with generation Y employees, identification of the alternatives that could resolve the issues and development of strategies for improving the performance of Generation Y employees. Research Design The section provides brief overview to the research design selected for conducting the study. It tells that resear ch study is based upon qualitative approach where the information and data has been collected from different resources and analyzed to have detailed understanding and explanation of the issue. Importance of the Study The

Role of the Mother in Winnicotts Theories: An Analysis

Role of the Mother in Winnicotts Theories: An Analysis How was the role of the mother developed in Winnicott’s theories and what is the implication for the development of the child? Evaluate this contribution in relation to thinking today. Donald Winnicott (1896-1971) an English paediatrician and psychoanalyst had a great influence in describing the object-relations theory, focusing on individual relationship with the mother and mother’s role during the transition of developmental stages in the life of child. Winnicott builds his concepts on Klein’s suggestion that the quality of infants’ environment plays a major role in their development. The object-relation theory suggests that an instinctual need is achieved by the agent called the â€Å"object† of instinct, who is usually the closest person in child’s life: the mother. This theory majorly focuses on the tendency to develop a self in significant relations between individuals as a basis through which the individual develops. The â€Å"Object† in this object relationship theory is anything/anyone but oneself (Reber, 1995) the sense of self of a child is defined by the kind of a relationship that the child experiences with the object through His or Her love and affection (Mother) the object refers to a person than oneself. There is a determining and critical impact of the quality of attachments with the object and it does not just affect the development of a child but also the future relationships that the child has with others in the future. This development in the child is justified through the trustworthiness of messages communicated by the care giver. Love is considered as the main motivating force in human behaviour which also includes development of relationships (Reber, 1995). The balance among love and affection for another and the interest in, and love for self, are formed through emotional bonds between self and another individual/object. Winnicott (1965) postulates the idea of primary maternal preoccupation explaining that after giving birth the mother becomes so involved and sensitive to infant’s needs that everything else falls apart in a secondary role. Taking the stages of separation individuation to a high research level Winnicott studies the role of mother (caregiver) in the social development of the child. He emphasizes on the importance of the mother’s ability to intuitively understand the needs of the infant at each and every point through the entire process of individuation. The child gives out certain messages and cues; the mother decodes these messages and through the same provides the framework of the progress of the child and his progress towards a proper level of functioning as an individual. â€Å"A good enough mother† defines a scenario where the mother is providing a facilitating environment where the growth of a child happens. He has purposely not used the term â€Å"perfect† in his statement since he believes that only a machine delivers perfection and not a human, therefore Winnicott believes that a perfect mother is not a good enough mother. According to Winnicot, a good enough mother can identify the needs of the infant and is able to provide a good adaptation to needs. A good enough mother is one who facilitates imaginative elaboration of physical experience for an infant and allows the baby to be totally dependent on her. In case of impingements, the infant can feel â€Å"going on being† with the help of a good enough mother, who aids the development of a child in the transitional phases of life. Winnicott has described three major stages of development. These are the stages of Subjective omnipotence, Objective realty and final stage of independence. The zones between these stages are a transitional experience for the child and exactly at this time, the presence of a mother is crucial. The quality of the support received by the child during the transitions stage determines the future of the child. It can decide the positive functioning or the lack of it. For Winnicott, the mother plays an important role in the transitional experience as well as the stages of development. Subjective Omnipotence When the child is newly born, the mother takes care of the Child’s needs with complete indulgence, where she responds to the cries of a child almost immediately. This state is referred to as the stage of maternal preoccupancy. At such times, the mother keeps aside her own needs and requirements to insure that she meets the requirements of her infant. She almost instantly responds when the child cries for milk. As a result to this, the infant thinks that he will immediately receive food at the very moment that he requires it. This illusion of Magical control is a very good example of subjective omnipotence (Rodman, 2003). Winnicott’s theory states that the Mother’s Breast is seen as the object of love during initial few weeks after birth. It is perceived so as the Mother’s breast meets the needs of the child’s hunger. During this stage, the object is perceived by the infant as a part of self. Hence, a subjective agenda is developed by the infant with an illusion that the Breast is a part of the infant’s oneself. In the infant’s initial development of identity, the illusion of Being-at-one is the first step in the infant’s development of an identity. Here the role of the good enough mother is highlighted in the developmental process of the child (Winnicott, 1971). Object realty (Not Me/Other than me) Over a period of time, the child needs its independence; hence, the mother distances itself according to the needs of the child. The child is provided an illusion by the mother that the breast will appear only in stances of a demand made. Post this stage, she helps the child progress through removal of omnipotence thinking and starts the process of introducing the child to the social world as a separate entity. (Winnicott, 1971) The time lapse between the child’s demands and its fulfilment is increased by the mother over time. Winnicott refers to this as the failure of the mother to meet the child’s needs on the spot. At this level the child experiences 2 states, one that of an introduction to independence and the other being frustration to having wait. The good enough mother is called so since she will only fail so much so that the child is left unharmed but is successful in entering the stage of transition. To cope with the failure of the mother and the Child’s self frustrated rate, the child will react in the following manner: He will recognize that the lapses in time are limited. Awareness will be created in his mind regarding the sense of progress. Thumb sucking, which is an auto erotic simulation, will be engaged in by the child in the stage of transition. He will experience various psychological factors like memories, dreams, relieving previous experiences which can also be referr ed to as integration of the past, present and future. Mental activities will be developed which will assist in deterring the child at times of frustration. At this stage the child will start having awareness of separation from mother. The mother makes the infant realize that there is a world outside of oneself which does not necessarily respond to a wish but the object of reality also teaches him that the outside world may respond negatively at times. The child stays safe in the hands of the mother all this while and the mother ensures that the child is not overprotected during this time. If the mother, due to any reason, fails to assist the child at times of transition from this stage to the stage of independence, as an adult, the child will be superficially adjusted and would fail to be passionate and unique. The child is gently ignored by the mother so that he can reach the stage of independence and experience freedom and learn all while providing the child with a safe and secure environment. The Stage of Independence At this stage, the â€Å"never absolute† stage of final independence is achieved. An important distinction between pure independence and never absolute independence is necessary in an individual’s life to both depend on others and be dependent on others. Others company or a social circle is desired by an individual and feels the need for belongingness. A healthy Psyche does not support isolation or is not supported by isolation but in spite of that none of us is over dependent on each other. Ones the child grows to be an individual and is separated from the mother, the holding environment acts as a safe junction through which the child can start the process of exploring the world all whilst having the knowledge that he is being provided the protection and support by the mother. For a child’s healthy development, this kind of a holding environment is extremely necessary. The child’s cues are recognized and worked upon by the mother whilst recognizing what he needs of the child are in respect with the holding environment and adapts to it accordingly. The child is provided with an environment of protection and safety through which the infant can develop from a child to adulthood. The process is supported by an optimal environment which makes sense through the fact that the good enough mother tunes in with the child’s development needs intuitively all whilst adopting both, the environment and her hand in the development of the child, the rate of which is determined by the child. The good enough mothers knows exactly regarding gradual adjustment of distance between herself and the child that this process cannot be sudden since the child would develop feeling of insecurity and no trust in others. The good enough mothers is in tune with her child’s escalation towards an independent self and moves at the child’s pace rather than her own. If everything works well according to the child’s needs, he develops an ego and the differentiation process is continued until the child can perceive that the mother is an independent being with clarity. Winnicott’s concept of true self and false self suggests that the child’s true self growth and expression is facilitated by the good mother and helps the child to be spontaneous and creative (Rodman, 2003). The true self behaves spontaneously, develops on integrity and believes that the true self is not created. The false self is similar to a mask which is worn by a person in a society in compliance with its norms like being quiet in setting that require silence around, being respectful to elders and so on. The not good enough mother wears this mask while responding to the child and in return the child adapts it as his false self. New relationships are developed by the child as its false self adapting to the demands of the environment with compliance. The role of a mother in the development of a child is of high importance to decide the future identity of the child and whether it grows into a secure or insecure adult. The mother plays major role in the transition and developmental stages which is also known as the objective role. In our days the mother’ role plays the same significant importance in the development of the child; however the society and culture have shaped this role raising a multitude of demands on women. Many mothers engage in the desire of having a fulfilled career becoming less involved in the developmental stages of their children. Many children are too early placed in nurseries and day care centres as mothers return to work. Like Winnicott suggests, an absent mother will determine children to either grow up confused, non-passionate and psychologically affected individual’s or according to the rule of self development, will grow up to be individuals who have succeeded through self development. Another issue could be represented by the option of not nursing the infants in a natural way, but feeding them with formula milk. This fact could lead to the loss of bondage, security and love between mother and child. On the other side, technology and the multitude of equipments facilitate mothers’ ability to crate safe and stimulating settings for their children. The quality of early parental styles and the development of the child in relationship with others is associated with maternal attachment and is entirely responsible for the development of a child into a secure adult. References: Changing Minds, 2013. The good Enough Mother [online] available at: http://changingminds.org/disciplines/psychoanalysis/concepts/good-enough_mother.htm [Accessed on: 21nd April 2014] Phenomenological Psychology, 2009. Winnicott the â€Å"false self† and contemporary media celebrity. [Online] Available at: http://phenomenologicalpsychology.com/2009/05/winnicott-the-false-self-and-contemporary-media-celebrity/ [Accessed on: 22nd April 2014] Reber, A. (1995). Dictionary of psychology, (2nd ed.). London: Penguin books. Rodman, F. R (2003) Winnicott Biography: life and work. Cambridge, Persus Books. Winnicott, D (1965) The International Psycho-Analytical Library, 64:1-276. London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis. Winnicott, D (1971) Playing and reality. England: Penguin books. Winchester.ac.uk, 2011. Donald Winnicott’s contribution to understand children and parenting. [Online] available at: http://www2.winchester.ac.uk/edstudies/courses/level%20one%20sem%20one/es1204w7Winnicott.htm [Accessed on: 22nd April 2014]

Affirmative Action :: Affirmative Action Essays

For the past several years the argument over affirmative action has been a highly debated topic. The issue at hand is whether or not affirmative action is reverse discrimination or not. Affirmative action by definition "means taking positive steps to end discrimination, to prevent its recurrence, and to create new opportunities that were previously denied to qualified women and people of color," (Work & Family). The reason that affirmative action is so controversial is because Americans can't decide what they want. "Poll after poll concludes that Americans firmly support "‘affirmative action'" to create opportunities for women and people of color, while they vigorously oppose "quotas'" and "‘preferences'" for unqualified candidates," (Work & Family). Which is odd considering that the same "affirmative action" that people support does in fact, in some cases, put unqualified personnel in undeserving positi ons. For those people who believe affirmative action works they generally are only focusing on the diversity affirmative action has brought to jobs. Their arguments consist of wanting to see more ethnic and gender diversity in jobs that are usually being worked by white males. To many of these people quality is sometimes put aside for quantity and diversity. The strongest argument that the people who are in support of affirmative action is that having more gender and ethnical diversity brings more to the work place. This argument is very good and very accurate. Having different people in different jobs helps a company to work and receive input from all sorts of different perspectives. Which leads to a better understanding of what a wider cross-section of the target market wants. On the other hand the people who support affirmative action also give some not so strong arguments. The one that stands out the most is that companies don't try and fill quotas in their gender and ethnical h iring. Instead it is done entirely on skill alone. This is their weakest and most disputed argument. Especially when in many cases if two potential employees are close in skill the job will more than likely go to the potential employee who is a minority. As in the case of Paul Johnson versus Diane Joyce. Both had comparable skills, but even though Paul Johnson's oral interview was scored higher than Diane Joyce it was her that was selected for the job. "The Court upheld the county's use of Ms. Joyce's gender as a positive factor in choosing between these similarly-qualified candidates," (Work & Family). Affirmative Action :: Affirmative Action Essays For the past several years the argument over affirmative action has been a highly debated topic. The issue at hand is whether or not affirmative action is reverse discrimination or not. Affirmative action by definition "means taking positive steps to end discrimination, to prevent its recurrence, and to create new opportunities that were previously denied to qualified women and people of color," (Work & Family). The reason that affirmative action is so controversial is because Americans can't decide what they want. "Poll after poll concludes that Americans firmly support "‘affirmative action'" to create opportunities for women and people of color, while they vigorously oppose "quotas'" and "‘preferences'" for unqualified candidates," (Work & Family). Which is odd considering that the same "affirmative action" that people support does in fact, in some cases, put unqualified personnel in undeserving positi ons. For those people who believe affirmative action works they generally are only focusing on the diversity affirmative action has brought to jobs. Their arguments consist of wanting to see more ethnic and gender diversity in jobs that are usually being worked by white males. To many of these people quality is sometimes put aside for quantity and diversity. The strongest argument that the people who are in support of affirmative action is that having more gender and ethnical diversity brings more to the work place. This argument is very good and very accurate. Having different people in different jobs helps a company to work and receive input from all sorts of different perspectives. Which leads to a better understanding of what a wider cross-section of the target market wants. On the other hand the people who support affirmative action also give some not so strong arguments. The one that stands out the most is that companies don't try and fill quotas in their gender and ethnical h iring. Instead it is done entirely on skill alone. This is their weakest and most disputed argument. Especially when in many cases if two potential employees are close in skill the job will more than likely go to the potential employee who is a minority. As in the case of Paul Johnson versus Diane Joyce. Both had comparable skills, but even though Paul Johnson's oral interview was scored higher than Diane Joyce it was her that was selected for the job. "The Court upheld the county's use of Ms. Joyce's gender as a positive factor in choosing between these similarly-qualified candidates," (Work & Family).

Essay on Suicide

In the Aftermath of Teenage Suicide: A Qualitative Study of the Psycho social Consequences for the Surviving Family Members Committing suicide in the teenage years can be perceived as the ultimate rejection of family, of significant others, and of society. This article examines the causes and effect of suicide in the youth of Sweden. In its study, topics such as the background of where signs of com/suicide-speech-outline/">suicide are visible, methods of suicide, and results of suicide.The bereavement process after a suicide may differ qualitatively from other types of losses with prolonged reactions of grief and loneliness, greater feelings of shame, and perhaps most importantly, the prolonged search for the motive behind the suicide. This study examines the topic of teenage suicide through methodical and scientific evidence. In examining this article, the psychiatry of consequences of suicide and how an outsider’s perspective can be used to benefit and heal what was once a b roken family and the people affected by the death.This study’s main purpose was to interview surviving members that had lost a teenager by suicide to increase the understanding of the circumstances that these families are living under and to generate hypotheses to be tested in future research. The study examines how the family will search for monitory signs and clues to make sense of the tragedy at hand. Studies of family reactions following teenage suicide are hampered by the psychological difficulties of approaching the families and recruiting an unbiased sample of survivors.Most interview studies involve samples that are either compromised by a high attrition rate, or based on survivors who organize and actively work through the crisis in support groups for suicide survivors. They derived their study from a larger research project on teenage unnatural deaths in which all teenage suicides were identified and the results were based on file material alone. They used another m ixed method where professionals involved in the aftermath were interviewed to investigate suicide survivors and also parents and siblings.Since all suicide victims were financially dependent on their families and none of the deceased had established a family of their own, the study’s definition of a family was the persons living in the same household as the deceased at the time of the suicide. Persons included by this definition were biological parents, stepfathers, stepmothers, and siblings. To examine the family, a mutual trust and understanding had to be established with the respondents and critical self-reflection.The family had to make it known what was allowed and where the line was so the interviewers didn’t cross it. Because the study is a hypothesis generating study, all interviews were started with broad questions and were closed with questions such as, â€Å"What do you think of this interview? † The most poignant theme of the interviews was the searc h for the â€Å"why? † which still preoccupied most of the parents. This search became more salient when the suicide had come unexpectedly.Most of the teenagers had disguised their suicidal ideation not only from their families, but from other adults and peers. Nearly all parents expressed anger at being deceived, a deception that denied them the opportunity to provide parental support. Most teenagers and their families had lived a pro-social life, which had only increased the confusion and unanswered questions. Several had been known as a â€Å"pride to any parent. † Nonetheless, they still faced problems such as a broken love affair, fear of pregnancy, or difficulties with friends.The families had trouble seeing why what seemed like such trivial teenage problems had transformed into a matter of life and death. In hindsight, they reproached themselves for their ignorance. Even long after the suicide had occurred, families were still struggling to move on. Some parents had entertained the idea of committing suicide themselves, but decided against it since they know all too well the consequences for their actions. Most teenagers who commit suicide do not express suicidal feelings or otherwise hint at forthcoming suicide.To avoid â€Å"bothering† others, many families had withdrawn from casual socializing. The sense of being deceived results in low self-esteem and nourishes feelings of inferiority and shame. Many of the bereaved appeared to be imbedded in silence. Unfortunately, younger siblings had received little help to work the crisis through. These children are more likely to be burdened than older siblings and need more time, more persistence, and an uncompromising readiness by the adult to deal with the most difficult questions.Help needs to be directed as direct help to siblings and parents, as well as to the family as a whole. A teenager suicide is a devastating trauma for the surviving family as a whole and the absence of sustainab le explanations to the suicide is a predominant issue in the grief process. The prolonged social and psychological isolation of the families in grief should be challenged. There is a need for better understanding and treatment schemes for families who have lost a teenage family member in suicide, and especially for the younger siblings who are often forgotten.

For Word Count, Make Words Count

For Word Count, Make Words Count For Word Count, Make Words Count For Word Count, Make Words Count By Mark Nichol One of life’s great ironies for writers is that they spend their high school and college years padding essays and papers because an instructor requires a minimum word count. In the struggle to reach a 500-word or 1,000-word or 5,000-word lower limit, hurried, harried students facing a looming deadline will burden their assignments with prolix prose. Sometimes a teacher or professor will penalize the writer for indulging in this verbose verbiage, but more often the student will get away with it, or will at worst receive a merely acceptable grade, and this bad habit will be positively reinforced. Then, students foolish enough to decide to become journalists or practice some other form of professional writing may oh, the irony discover that they must develop a diametrically opposite skill: Many newspaper and magazine writers are assigned to turn articles in that adhere to a maximum word count. At first, achieving this goal may seem out of reach, but then they conduct research and interviews and the words start to pile up. Often, before they know it, they’re facing down a 4,000-word draft of a 2,500-word article. At this point, the solution is not simply to slash nominalizations and pursue other strategies to make writing more concise, but to hack away at entire sentences, paragraphs, and sections, paring the piece down to its essentials. Then, when you’re within 100 words or so of your word count, you can further reduce on a phrasal level. But you’re not done yet. After you turn the piece in, your editor may ask you to provide more details or provide another point of view, and more cutting may be in order to accommodate the addition. Later, you may be told that the layout of your article is losing a page, or that the photographer assigned to shoot some pictures to go with it has so many good shots that the designer wants to add another image to the opening spread. Cut, cut, cut. Abridging an article is usually painful for the artist who has assembled it, so count on a family member or a friend to provide some dispassionate direction. Writers often feel that such condensing ruins a piece, but the truth is that readers are unlikely to feel that anything is missing. If it’s any consolation, if you retain republication rights, you might be able to sell a more extension version to another publication, or you can post the entire article to your own Web site. (You might even request that the editor run the full article, rather than the version published in the print publication, on the publication’s site.) You can always ask your editor to make more room for your story, but the decision is up to them (or may be out of their hands even though they would prefer to do so), and it’s unwise to push your argument farther than one polite request. A writer who turns in lean copy and will graciously render it even leaner on request is a writer who receives additional assignments or gets calls or emails about subsequent pitches returned. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word FormsJanuary 1 Doesn't Need an "st"

Pearl harbor and ww2 essays

Pearl harbor and ww2 essays Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 a date which will live in infamy the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. President Roosevelt said this in his speech addressing the nation concerning the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. If the United States had joined the war prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the attack may not have even taken place due to the fact that the ships stationed out of Pearl Harbor would be deployed throughout the world. The United States should have joined the Second World War prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor because of the Roosevelt Corollary, the German violation of the Treaty of Versailles, and it can be proven that the United States entered the war prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. One reason why the United States should have entered the Second World War prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor would be because of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. The Roosevelt Corollary gave justification for the United States to use military force in the Western Hemisphere when it was needed. Although the Western Hemisphere does not include much of where World War Two was fought, this corollary put the point across of the United States being a police force to help their allies. Roosevelt declared that the United States would, exercise international police power in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence. This statement by Roosevelt can be interpreted to the fact that as an international police power, the United States should have gone to war in 1939 when Germany unleashed Blitzkrieg warfare against Poland. Prior to the German invasion of Poland, Germany violated the Treaty of Versailles. Another reason why the United States should have entered the Second World War prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor would be how the Germans violated th...

Technical report -information system for a FBO Assignment

Technical report -information system for a FBO - Assignment Example The main business operation is focused around the hangar maintenance with other departments to provide the support functions of the business. First, the back office solutions will be discussed as a support function for the information system. This report will then break down the information system as it pertains to each department by the hardware and software that is required for the users to properly perform the functions of their job. Schematic System requirements Hardware Requirements All the computer system in this setup have a similar structure containing the main memory, the processor, and peripheral devices such as output and input devices, secondary storage, Visual display unit among others. The main functionality of the system is to synchronize all the systems so that they are able to carry out several functionalities as being commanded by the installed programs. The central processing Unit (CPU) is the most fundamental component of any computer system. This directly implies that the proper functionality of a system is fully dependent on the type and speed of the processor. Also, the functions of the processor are made possible by the availability of the main memory also known as random access memory (RAM) which acts as a storage for the programs that are processed by the central processing unit and this also depicts its importance. In this scenario, high performance of the setup system is importance. Thus to enhance this high performance, powerful computers are required. In summary, the hardware specifications to enhance high performance in this system are listed in the table below. Component Requirement Processor Specification 3rd Generation Intel Core i5-3330 processor 6M Cache Speed – 3.2GHz Memory 8GB Dual Channel DDR3 SDRAM, 1600MHz Available Disk Space 1TB Hard Drive 3.5" 7200rpm, SATA Drive DVD+/-RW Tray Load Drive, 16X, SATA Display and Peripherals Monitor, Keyboard and pointing device The recommended computer system which contains the above stated components is Inspiron 660 Desktop. This Computer is designed produce high performance. This is made possible by the third generation Intel core processor and the main memory of 8 GB. Moreover, the computer is equipped with four USB 3.0 ports, HDMI connection, 8 – in -1 media card to facilitate connectivity to other peripheral devices. Other peripheral devices Device Cost Cisco Linksys E1200 Wireless Router $ 44.99 HP – Office jet Pro 8600 Plus Network-Ready Wireless All-In-One Printer $ 229.99 To facilitate communication of all the devices over the network and the internet, Local Area Network is setup which includes a wireless network for wireless devices. Also, to facilitate the day to day printing services, HP – Office pro 8600 plus printer is installed. Basic Structure of the network Server Hardware Requirements The processor should 3rd generation Intel i3 processors with a minimum speed of 2 GHz. The recommended for this task should 3rd generat ion i3 processors with a speed of 2.16 GHz. The processor should Intel Manufactured. The recommended minimum Random Access Memory is 1 GB or higher. Considering the above stated specifications, the best server to

Security issues involved with the transition of IPv4 to IPv6 Research Paper

Security issues involved with the transition of IPv4 to IPv6 - Research Paper Example This helps them stay connected to their colleagues or bosses at work as on the other hand helping them solve minor home based problems by use of the internet resources. As a matter of fact, many people are adopting the work from home formula from the benefit of readily available internet supply. This kind of technological change makes the internet a reliable resource on a varied range of applications. Above all, the internet is now one of the main channels of communication. For instance, business people use it to transfer information on their transactions and governments use it for conducting administrative functions. However, many governments are struggling to strengthen its security levels every new day. According to Hinden and Deering in the publication IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture 2006, it is true to state that the internet is a significant resource for the entire world. Below the application layer, where the above mentioned internet services are out in the open to the en d user, the network comprises of a number of routers, servers and other network enabled devices which transfer information/data by use of standard set of protocols. ... This leads to the security issues that link to the set standards of protocols in the networking systems. Today the generation of Internet Protocol is the IPV4 which is in existence since the 80’s. It plays a role in the internet growth since then. This internet protocol can be effortlessly installed and is interoperable using 32 bit address space to contain approximately 4 billion unique addresses. However, as the internet is growing rapidly, the IPV4 is facing a lot of challenges which include forthcoming exhaustion of the IPV4 address space, security issues, configuration problems and other technical complications at the IP stage. The IPV4 suffers Denial of Service (DOS) attacks which is an action to make the computer resource unavailable to its set users. This happens in flooding the target host with requests, consequently stopping authenticate network traffic to access the host. The IPV4 is a target for viruses and worms transfer as a result of the exhaustible address spac e of the IPV4. The IPV4 exposes confidential data of end users to attackers and hackers who can easily modify without their knowledge. The IPV4 faces fragmentation attacks where the victim host can crash, hang or reboot as a result of the fragmented ICMP packets that exceed the total allowable size for IP data address. There are technological ways to control the above mentioned security issues in connection with IPV4. The transition of IPV4 to IPV6 is one of the ways that involves the end users, administrators and the network operators (Sotillo 5). However, this transition comes with its own security issues. This transition process is conducted to ensure modest disturbance occurs in executing hosts and routers

What does the bible mean to me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What does the bible mean to me - Essay Example The word â€Å"Bible† comes from Greek and can be translated as a â€Å"book†. Though Bible consists of more than seventy books, which have been written in different times and by different authors using various genres, literary styles and even languages, they all are perceived as one united and undivided continuous text that recreates life experience, moral norms and sources of human wisdom. People who have not read this book can not consider themselves as educated. However, I am confident that everyday the number of such people decreases constantly. Being written by inspired people, Bible is not merely work of fiction, but it is the greatest book of human history that contains magnificent and philosophic studies about our world, inhabitants, and eternal morality along with spiritual values. Urgency of this book is undisputed, because with its help we are able to find answers and explanations of such notions as life and death, fate and human soul, good and evil and others. Bible teaches us how to live, what we should do, what things should be unacceptable in our conscience, what kind of people we must strive to become and which negative traits of our characters ought to be changed. Bible gives us a great hope for bright and serene future persuading to believe in a life after death and Heavens. Reading this Holy Book, I comprehend that person can insure calm and happy life only with a help of conceiving thoughts and apprenticeships of Jesus Christ who persistently invites to open our hearts for God that manages to touch the most remote depths of human soul. Bible makes us believe that God is real. Every person is given life to prepare own self for eternal life on the Heavens. Bible propagandizes ethical and esthetical experience of humanity. All disappointed people refer to this book and keep on searching for the point of life that lies in religion. Hence, our trust in God helps us to live dignified lives on the Earth before being

The Responsible Electorate Essay Example for Free

The Responsible Electorate Essay Election returns identify which candidate gets the most votes from the electorate, but in essence, thats all it really tells us. Why does one candidate get more votes than another? We cannot assume its because of his past record or promises for the future. Its interesting to examine what make the electorate vote as it does. Instruments such as the Gallup Poll have helped experts determine voting behaviors of a large number of people. Preliminary findings many years ago lead researchers to believe that people voted according to where they were socio-economically. However, there were exceptions to the rule, often dependent upon how optimistic or pessimistic a person was. A persons political foundation and background also played a key role in how he voted.  Many feel today that the electorate does not always make informed decisions. Rather, they are manipulated by candidates who play on the electorates origins, occupations, residence, etc. Voters are looking for a certain image or characteristic. Politicians look to see what the electorate might be responsive to and then provide it worth obvious neglect for political substance. Ultimately, Key points out that voters are not fools. He does feel that some voters approach the task in strange ways, but the majority of the electorate approach decision making as rationally and responsibly as we should expect, given the clarity of the alternatives presented to it and the character of the information available to it. He does not feel that todays American electorate is easily manipulated. Instead, it studies the issues, evaluates the governments performance, and assesses personality and a  potential leaders character. We can have faith that the electorate will continue to take its voting right seriously and use it to maintain and strengthen our democratic form of government.

Internet: An Important Part Of Peoples Lives

Internet: An Important Part Of Peoples Lives I believe that if newspapers dont disappear in the future, they will probably change their format and reduce the number of printed copies. The formats of media are changing not for the first time. According to (Textbook) first newspapers appeared about 1200 years ago. In 1690 the first Americas newspaper was published in Boston. Later, with the adventure of radio and television, newspapers production gradually started to decline, because it became more efficient and quick to get breaking news via new kinds of media. However, TV still didnt have a chance to compete with papers, because papers were providing more deep information. Much bigger stress newspapers felt during 1990s after the appearance of the Internet. About 67 million Americans now read blogs, and 21 million write blogs, creating an explosion of new writers and new forms of customer feedback that did not exist five years ago (pew, 2008). Social networking sites like MySpace or Facebook attact over 70 and 30 million visitors a month, respectively, and businesses are starting to use social networking tools to connect their employees, and managers worldwide.says (Management Information Systems, managing the digital firm, eleventh edition. Keneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon. 2010, chapter 1, page 35).It seems that the whole world is turning online. Nowadays a lot of popular public editions are reducing the number of printed material. For example, according to http://www.usatoday.com/printedition/money/20090318/newspapers18_cv.art.htm, The Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News have cut their home delivery to three days a week and advised readers to find the rest of the news online. According to Jeremy Porter there are 4 main aspects which still keep newspapers alive: content, readers, advertisers and format. At the same time JP disproves all these features and argues that newspapers wont be still published in 5 years. (http://blog.journalistics.com/2009/will_your_newspaper_be_around_in_five_years/) Newspapers dont differ a lot from one from another. You can find the same information in the Internet, because most of periodicals, including very popular editions, such as The Wall Street Journal, New York Times or Washington Post, are also published online. Moreover, you can read the overwhelming majority of information online for free, that makes the Internet even more attractive. Readers: A reader is the most important concern for a newspaper. Newspaper will have no success without readers. However, more and more people agree that Its nice to have (printed editions), but they can live without (them). More and more people are becoming Internet-users, and most of Internet users read news online. For example, I myself get new information about what is happening in the world and particularly in me home country, by reading short messages on Twitter. And as far as I know students dont read newspapers at all, despite rare cases, when we need to find a particular piece of information only in a particular newspaper and nowhere else. Talking about older generations, it seems that they should be accustomed to the papers, but statistics proves the opposite. One can argue that older generation reads newspapers and doesnt want to change anything, but according to the survey made by Pew Internet and American Life Project the number of Internet users in age group 70-75 increased from 26 to 45% within 4 years. This fact sounds strange, but 4% of Internet users are 73+ years old. Where do newspapers get their revenue? The most suitable answer is advertisers. But will advertisers sponsor printed newspapers if they are not that successful? According to http://www.usatoday.com/printedition/money/20090318/newspapers18_cv.art.htm large newspapers in big cities are more in danger than local editions are. It is rather expensive to put your ad in a newspaper, especially when you have a lot of other opportunities: radio, magazines, websites and billboards. On the other hand advertisers dont have such a large range of possibilities in small towns, and they have to put their promotion to the newspapers in order to reach the audience. Newspapers revenue can be made also by online advertisements. It is even more comfortable for both sides, because one can track, how many clicks were made on this link, while you will never know, how many people actually read a newspaper and paid any attention to advertisements. The last argument is newspapers are not so environmentally safe. It takes tones of wood material, lots of electricity and many delivery tracks to produce and transport the papers. At the same time the Internet is rather ecologically safe, so producing printed periodicals doesnt make any sense from the environmental point of view. Of course, the Internet requires a lot of technical products, such as computers, notebooks, iPads, and others, but producing of these technologies will grow despite turning newspapers production online. There is an opinion that good online papers will make you pay for the information, because it takes a lot of efforts and enough money to get news, create an article according to them and make this article readable. Moreover, some information is really worth paying. Also many generations were paying for news during the papers era, and why do reporters and journalists have to provide the same information for free? On the other hand, Jeremy Porter in his article http://blog.journalistics.com/2009/journalism_online_will_make_you_pay/ argues that it might be too late to charge for online content. People have already got used to receiving news for free, and it is rather hard to turn the current situation vice versa. Talking about the Internet invasion, we cannot say that all newspapers all over the world will turn online, because today the Internet is not available all over the world, and in some countries the situation is not going to be changed in coming decades. According to Internet usage statistics (http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm) in Middle East, Africa and Oceania/Australia the availability of the Internet is very low, comparing to Asia, Europe and North America. This is the first reason why some people assume that newspapers will stay alive for a long time. Also in local areas printed issues seem to be more convenient. Lets imagine that there is an online resource Blagoevgradonline.bg, which covers latest news of this town. If this site has a success, audience will ask to turn this resource to the paper, because it will be more comfortable for the overwhelming majority of towns population. Another example is our university newspaper DeFacto. It was started in 2003 with the website, but the printed version was neglected only in 2007. This shows that the process can turn not only from paper to website, the reverse is also possible. Phelps Hawkins, JMC Department professor in AUBG, suppose that humankind will need newspapers anyway, because we are becoming tired of the Internet. For example, when one is going to the restaurant or goes on a plane, places where it is not convenient or even forbidden to turn notebooks on, waiters or stewards are suggesting some papers to read and become familiar with latest news. This kind of service is not going to be changed a lot, thats why newspapers have to exist at least in small amounts. Also newspapers can become produced from something different from paper and ink, for example, it could be some kind of plastic. According to Google executive Santiago de la Mora (http://www.techcentral.co.za/newspapers-will-survive-the-internet-google/12483/) Internet will not displace newspapers just as VHS, and later DVD, didnt kill cinema. In his opinion, newspapers have to provide us something that will make people want to read them; and it should be something more than just printing the material. De la Mora is sure that Internet companies dont want to steal newspapers revenue, because first of all, it is publishers material that goes online. Using Googles webmaster tools, publishers can prevent Google from indexing their sites entirely, or they can prevent specific Google services, like Google News, from indexing their content. Yesterday I was talking to my Mom about my research paper, and asked her opinion on the topic. She was hardly urging me that newspapers would not die, because reading a newspaper is sort of ritual, but at the end of our conversation she added a phrase: However, newspapers are terribly inconvenient. They are big and smell like a paint. Almost nobody now is listening to music on tape recorders, and very small amount of people is watching movies on VHS. The world is changing very fast, humankind invents more and more new technologies, and it is good that we are developing our lives replacing outdated stuff by newest technologies. I am not a prophet to make such predictions, but I dont exclude the idea that newspapers will become for people something that reminds them of the past. (As for today, some people are still buying vinyl records). Also, newspapers can stay in small towns in order to cover the local news. What could happen?