Mass Sixth Extinction and How it is Unnatural Essays - Biology

Mass Sixth Extinction and How it is Unnatural After roughly 3.5 billion years of evolution, a vanishing of it all is rapidly approaching. The Earth has seen such a calamitous mass extinction events before. In the last approximate 540 million years; the Earth has seen five major mass extinctions. These occurrences are so extraordinary that they are known as the "Big Five." However, this period, the Holocene Era, may soon be known as the Earth's "sixth mass extinction". The Holocene extinction is in progress and it is said that it will be unlike any other mass extinction. Opposing all the previous extinctions that have been driven by natural environmental changes or catastrophic asteroid impacts, the Holocene extinction will be linked to biodiversity loss due to human action.Whether people believe that we are facing a mass extinction at this time or not, the fact that the Earths biodiversity loss is unquestionable. Since the year 1500, more than 320 terrestrial vertebrates have become extinct. Studies propose the lingering terrest rial vertebrate populations that survived the extinctions have revealed a twenty-five percent average deterioration in abundance. All of this data and decline are linked to humans. Earth's biodiversity involves all the varieties of plants, animals, and other living things in the world. All that lives in the Earth's biodiversity is part of the network of life. From every species of foliage and every creature on Earth, each have a place and plays a dynamic part in the circle of life. Plants, animals, and insects all interrelate and depend upon one another for what each offer, such as food, housing, oxygen, and soil enrichment. However, humans are over using resources, destroying habitats, familiarizing non-native species, scattering pathogens, slaughter species directly, and shifting global climate. All of these things, including several more, are now instigating the sixth mass extinction through humans' violations on the Earth's biodiversity. The major stimulus of Earth's ongoing ha rm of biodiversity is overpopulation. Currently, there are over seven billion people on Earth, and roughly 227,000 are added daily. Subsequently, with a rising population means an increasing need for resources to accommodate the inhabitants. What Is Biodiversity states that "Humans annually consume forty-two percent of the Earth's terrestrial net primary productivity, thirty percent of its marine net primary productivity, and fifty percent of its fresh water. Additionally, "Forty percent of the planet's land is devoted to human food production and fifty percent of the planet's land mass has been transformed for human use." While the human population is budding, the other species are vanishing 1,000 to 10,000 times faster than the ordinary amount. Earth's aquatic biodiversity and water structure is also suffering due to the current loss of biodiversity. Earth's oceans are the world's main source of food. However, over the last 60 years the stock of large fish has dropped by ninety pe rcent. Around 1.2 billion people consume fish as their main source of protein. Over fishing is the main cause in the sharp drop in numbers of fish. In fact, Lee and Safina states, "Long-line fishing vessels deploys approximately 1.4 billion hooks a year, and trawling vessels cast nets with openings up to the size of 4 football fields." The issues confronting aquatic biodiversity is also the same problem distressing land dwelling species biodiversity. If a species' population is depleted to low points that the species' part as prey, predator, and/or competitor is affected; it is extremely harmful and distresses the whole ecosystem. Fundamentally, all the species living in the same bionetwork will become naturally or functionally extinct; including to both marine and earthly life. The reason is because plummeting competition and/or predation, permits additional species to become more dominant in the ecosystem. Therefore, this disturbs the usual stability of numerical and practical ass ociations between species in an ecosystem. The overpopulation of humans, brings issues that affect biodiversity negatively. Human habitats grow with the swelling human populations causing more industrial growth, along with the spreading of diseases and pollution. In areas where there are high concentrations of people that leads to a large incidence of rodents, bringing high amounts of pathogens, meaning an upsurge in the risk of transmitting disease. In prominent manufacturing areas, there larger amounts of pollution, having an influence

Mrs Johnstone Essay Example

Mrs Johnstone Essay Example Mrs Johnstone Essay Mrs Johnstone Essay HI! Maybe we can help with your question. On Marked by Teachers, teachers and top students analyses all sorts of English essays to give you an insiders look into what makes a great essay. Come and visit our English essay section on Marked by Teachers and use this analysis and advice to write your own masterpiece at GEESE or A-level! Were Tsars sister site, so youre sure to feel right at home straight away. Just take our free tour to see how we can help you with your studies. Thanks! Your English study helper HI! Maybe we can help with your question. Your English study helper Your English study helper! Should nuns change their degree classifications? Hello! Im NOT bored, but you can ask me anyway:) How to transfer photos from pod computer Ask me anything? Last message received The Shiny, NEW Cutlass Chat Thread see more Study resources English Horror Story Creative Writing Coursework I was driving for about three hours when I realized I had taken the wrong turning and was hopelessly lost. I An Inspector Calls MPH Scout- To Kill a Mockingbird AQUA English Lit ATTACK Possible Topics Victorian books Fun wardresses Presentational Devices Article updates Mathematics entry requirements edited by: Daugherty, 14 Minutes Ago SST. Andrews Applicants Stalking Page 2014 Entry edited by: SRAM, 16 Minutes Ago Costa Coffee edited by: Letters, 25 Minutes Ago A-Level Economics edited by: Heroes, 2 Hours Ago Birmingham Applicants for 2014 Entry Stalking Page edited by: Jeff 995, 2 Hours Ago Moderators We have a brilliant team of more than 60 volunteers looking after discussions on The Student Room, helping to make it a fun, safe and useful place to hang out. This forum is moderated by: TSR Moderator Purple Giraffe Hal. E. Laugh turreted Lolls Democracy Mad Veal random Illusionary Loaders 1 Hype en Jocose glycols Spotlight O Copyright The Student Room 2013 all rights reserved The Student Room, Get Revising and Marked by Teachers are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT NO. 806 8067 22 Shortcuts Home Forums Articles Study help Personal statements University Health relationships Pastoral Careers Finance Hobbies interests Debate current affairs Get Started Todays posts Unanswered posts Polls Arcade Photo albums TSR Group Marked by Teachers Get Revising using TSR Community guidelines Cookies and online safety Mod team (staff/supporters) News, help and feedback Terms and conditions FAQ and help

Reflective Report of a Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflective Report of a Presentation - Essay Example Our chosen leader was Odunola. We allocated ourselves different subtopics on which to research and write about. Each member of the group was to research only a particular area of the topic. I was allocated the duty of compiling the work that the group members had done and coming up with the conclusion. By dividing the work amongst ourselves, we managed to make the work easier and bearable for each one of us considering time limitations. Subsequent meetings mainly involved getting to know how far the group had done in meeting the main objective. During these meetings, we got the opportunity to see and read what each one of the group members had done. We discussed on everyone’s points and critiqued one another positively in a bid to ensure that our overall output was constructive and qualitative, and so that we pushed ourselves to complete the work within the limited time that we had. We were fortunate that the meetings were objective and every person’s had time to present their input to the extent that there were no heated exchanges or ugly scenes. As part of my preparation for the presentation, I visited the British Library and consulted other students and people that I thought were more knowledgeable in the subject. While I got constructive input from some of the individuals that I consulted, the library proved to be invaluable. I encountered several books that gave me hints, clues and information directly related to my assigned subtopic. I was actually lost for choice which sources to rely on for my part. I managed to compile the final document in good time before the due date for the presentation. We made our presentation on March 18, 2014 at around 1315 as scheduled, each one of us presenting their parts as we had earlier agreed for a total of 25 minutes. I realized that presenting before an audience is not an easy task. Odunola presented the introduction after which

Research proposal in South Australia Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

In South Australia - Research Proposal Example During the first quarter of 2015, K&S Corporation had encountered a major problem regarding corporate fraudulent. The Victorian Police had charged two of the former employees for misappropriation of funds during the period 2007 to 2014 (Changarathil, 2015; Evans, 2015). The company was subject to fraudulent misappropriation of about $7.1 million during the above mentioned period (Changarathil, 2015). This business issue has forced the company to undergo legal charges and it has even taken legal action against KPMG, which was its external auditor. Hence, this business issue will be discussed in the report. The reason for selecting the particular topic is that financial fraud had affected a number of companies during the financial crisis period. Hence, a report will be prepared based on the business issue that is encountered by K&S Corporation. Corporate financial fraud had gained attention in the past few decades (Srinivasan, 2005). It had contributed towards financial crisis that affected the global economy during the period 2007-2008 (Blanton, 2012). It is observed that a number of regulations had failed to generate any positive result in combating against the financial fraud that took place within the private and public companies (Agrawal and Chadha, 2005). The fraudulent activities had raised concern regarding the effectiveness of the corporate governance of the companies. According to Srinivasan (2005), the fraudulent activities undertaken by the companies had not only affected the internal business operation but also created great impact on interest of the shareholders. The stakeholders, which include the shareholders, employees and general public, are affected by the decreasing trend in the sales revenue over the years as the profit declined subsequently. The decrease in profit of the companies affected the dividen d per share that is offered on the investment amount to the investors or shareholders (Agrawal and Chadha, 2005). Hence, the

Impact of Generation Y on Management Effectiveness in Organizations Thesis

Impact of Generation Y on Management Effectiveness in Organizations - Thesis Example EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF GEENRATION Y Strategies used for Generation Y employee management Managerial Problems with Generation Y Strategies to improve performance CHAPTER 5. RESEARCH DESIGN Research Question/Problem Statement Research Approach Research Methodology Secondary Analysis of Data – Significance and Relevance to the Research Objective Basis for Data Analysis CHAPTER 6. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS Key findings of the study Interpretation and Analysis of Research Findings Discussion of Main Issue CHAPTER 7. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND AREAS REQUIRING FURTHER RESEARCH Research Summary Conclusion Recommendations and Suggestion Areas Requiring Further Research APPENDIX REFERENCE LIST DETAILED OUTLINE CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION The chapter presents a concise overview to the entire research study. It introduces the topic of the dissertation and the approach selected for exploring the mentioned topic. The chapter allows having quick look at the whereabouts of the research study by describing the background of the issues selected for the study. The chapter explaining the main motive behind the research, the research objectives, methodology and the research approach. In this chapter the background of the research study is explained to provide an understanding about the topic of the dissertation. Moreover the problem definition and the research objectives further explain the intentions of the research study. The scope and limitation of the research, the significance of its topic and the expected contribution of the research study are also describes to explain the importance and scope of the research study topics. Furthermore the key concepts and terms are defined at the end of the chapter so that the reader can have understanding of all the related issues and concepts before going through the other chapters of the dissertation Statement of the Problem The statement of problem concisely tells about the main issue going to be explored in the study. It introduce s the main objective and rationale of the research in single sentence to prove that the research work is well directed towards the attainment of a well defined objective. The statement of problem informs that the dissertation aims to have an insight over the issues and problems that the managers face in attaining satisfying level of employee performance due to increased dependency of generation Y upon the technological advancements. Purpose of the Study The section clearly states the main objectives of the research by listing out the specific purposes. It tells that the study aims to achieve three specific purposes including identification of the management problems in dealing with generation Y employees, identification of the alternatives that could resolve the issues and development of strategies for improving the performance of Generation Y employees. Research Design The section provides brief overview to the research design selected for conducting the study. It tells that resear ch study is based upon qualitative approach where the information and data has been collected from different resources and analyzed to have detailed understanding and explanation of the issue. Importance of the Study The

Role of the Mother in Winnicotts Theories: An Analysis

Role of the Mother in Winnicotts Theories: An Analysis How was the role of the mother developed in Winnicott’s theories and what is the implication for the development of the child? Evaluate this contribution in relation to thinking today. Donald Winnicott (1896-1971) an English paediatrician and psychoanalyst had a great influence in describing the object-relations theory, focusing on individual relationship with the mother and mother’s role during the transition of developmental stages in the life of child. Winnicott builds his concepts on Klein’s suggestion that the quality of infants’ environment plays a major role in their development. The object-relation theory suggests that an instinctual need is achieved by the agent called the â€Å"object† of instinct, who is usually the closest person in child’s life: the mother. This theory majorly focuses on the tendency to develop a self in significant relations between individuals as a basis through which the individual develops. The â€Å"Object† in this object relationship theory is anything/anyone but oneself (Reber, 1995) the sense of self of a child is defined by the kind of a relationship that the child experiences with the object through His or Her love and affection (Mother) the object refers to a person than oneself. There is a determining and critical impact of the quality of attachments with the object and it does not just affect the development of a child but also the future relationships that the child has with others in the future. This development in the child is justified through the trustworthiness of messages communicated by the care giver. Love is considered as the main motivating force in human behaviour which also includes development of relationships (Reber, 1995). The balance among love and affection for another and the interest in, and love for self, are formed through emotional bonds between self and another individual/object. Winnicott (1965) postulates the idea of primary maternal preoccupation explaining that after giving birth the mother becomes so involved and sensitive to infant’s needs that everything else falls apart in a secondary role. Taking the stages of separation individuation to a high research level Winnicott studies the role of mother (caregiver) in the social development of the child. He emphasizes on the importance of the mother’s ability to intuitively understand the needs of the infant at each and every point through the entire process of individuation. The child gives out certain messages and cues; the mother decodes these messages and through the same provides the framework of the progress of the child and his progress towards a proper level of functioning as an individual. â€Å"A good enough mother† defines a scenario where the mother is providing a facilitating environment where the growth of a child happens. He has purposely not used the term â€Å"perfect† in his statement since he believes that only a machine delivers perfection and not a human, therefore Winnicott believes that a perfect mother is not a good enough mother. According to Winnicot, a good enough mother can identify the needs of the infant and is able to provide a good adaptation to needs. A good enough mother is one who facilitates imaginative elaboration of physical experience for an infant and allows the baby to be totally dependent on her. In case of impingements, the infant can feel â€Å"going on being† with the help of a good enough mother, who aids the development of a child in the transitional phases of life. Winnicott has described three major stages of development. These are the stages of Subjective omnipotence, Objective realty and final stage of independence. The zones between these stages are a transitional experience for the child and exactly at this time, the presence of a mother is crucial. The quality of the support received by the child during the transitions stage determines the future of the child. It can decide the positive functioning or the lack of it. For Winnicott, the mother plays an important role in the transitional experience as well as the stages of development. Subjective Omnipotence When the child is newly born, the mother takes care of the Child’s needs with complete indulgence, where she responds to the cries of a child almost immediately. This state is referred to as the stage of maternal preoccupancy. At such times, the mother keeps aside her own needs and requirements to insure that she meets the requirements of her infant. She almost instantly responds when the child cries for milk. As a result to this, the infant thinks that he will immediately receive food at the very moment that he requires it. This illusion of Magical control is a very good example of subjective omnipotence (Rodman, 2003). Winnicott’s theory states that the Mother’s Breast is seen as the object of love during initial few weeks after birth. It is perceived so as the Mother’s breast meets the needs of the child’s hunger. During this stage, the object is perceived by the infant as a part of self. Hence, a subjective agenda is developed by the infant with an illusion that the Breast is a part of the infant’s oneself. In the infant’s initial development of identity, the illusion of Being-at-one is the first step in the infant’s development of an identity. Here the role of the good enough mother is highlighted in the developmental process of the child (Winnicott, 1971). Object realty (Not Me/Other than me) Over a period of time, the child needs its independence; hence, the mother distances itself according to the needs of the child. The child is provided an illusion by the mother that the breast will appear only in stances of a demand made. Post this stage, she helps the child progress through removal of omnipotence thinking and starts the process of introducing the child to the social world as a separate entity. (Winnicott, 1971) The time lapse between the child’s demands and its fulfilment is increased by the mother over time. Winnicott refers to this as the failure of the mother to meet the child’s needs on the spot. At this level the child experiences 2 states, one that of an introduction to independence and the other being frustration to having wait. The good enough mother is called so since she will only fail so much so that the child is left unharmed but is successful in entering the stage of transition. To cope with the failure of the mother and the Child’s self frustrated rate, the child will react in the following manner: He will recognize that the lapses in time are limited. Awareness will be created in his mind regarding the sense of progress. Thumb sucking, which is an auto erotic simulation, will be engaged in by the child in the stage of transition. He will experience various psychological factors like memories, dreams, relieving previous experiences which can also be referr ed to as integration of the past, present and future. Mental activities will be developed which will assist in deterring the child at times of frustration. At this stage the child will start having awareness of separation from mother. The mother makes the infant realize that there is a world outside of oneself which does not necessarily respond to a wish but the object of reality also teaches him that the outside world may respond negatively at times. The child stays safe in the hands of the mother all this while and the mother ensures that the child is not overprotected during this time. If the mother, due to any reason, fails to assist the child at times of transition from this stage to the stage of independence, as an adult, the child will be superficially adjusted and would fail to be passionate and unique. The child is gently ignored by the mother so that he can reach the stage of independence and experience freedom and learn all while providing the child with a safe and secure environment. The Stage of Independence At this stage, the â€Å"never absolute† stage of final independence is achieved. An important distinction between pure independence and never absolute independence is necessary in an individual’s life to both depend on others and be dependent on others. Others company or a social circle is desired by an individual and feels the need for belongingness. A healthy Psyche does not support isolation or is not supported by isolation but in spite of that none of us is over dependent on each other. Ones the child grows to be an individual and is separated from the mother, the holding environment acts as a safe junction through which the child can start the process of exploring the world all whilst having the knowledge that he is being provided the protection and support by the mother. For a child’s healthy development, this kind of a holding environment is extremely necessary. The child’s cues are recognized and worked upon by the mother whilst recognizing what he needs of the child are in respect with the holding environment and adapts to it accordingly. The child is provided with an environment of protection and safety through which the infant can develop from a child to adulthood. The process is supported by an optimal environment which makes sense through the fact that the good enough mother tunes in with the child’s development needs intuitively all whilst adopting both, the environment and her hand in the development of the child, the rate of which is determined by the child. The good enough mothers knows exactly regarding gradual adjustment of distance between herself and the child that this process cannot be sudden since the child would develop feeling of insecurity and no trust in others. The good enough mothers is in tune with her child’s escalation towards an independent self and moves at the child’s pace rather than her own. If everything works well according to the child’s needs, he develops an ego and the differentiation process is continued until the child can perceive that the mother is an independent being with clarity. Winnicott’s concept of true self and false self suggests that the child’s true self growth and expression is facilitated by the good mother and helps the child to be spontaneous and creative (Rodman, 2003). The true self behaves spontaneously, develops on integrity and believes that the true self is not created. The false self is similar to a mask which is worn by a person in a society in compliance with its norms like being quiet in setting that require silence around, being respectful to elders and so on. The not good enough mother wears this mask while responding to the child and in return the child adapts it as his false self. New relationships are developed by the child as its false self adapting to the demands of the environment with compliance. The role of a mother in the development of a child is of high importance to decide the future identity of the child and whether it grows into a secure or insecure adult. The mother plays major role in the transition and developmental stages which is also known as the objective role. In our days the mother’ role plays the same significant importance in the development of the child; however the society and culture have shaped this role raising a multitude of demands on women. Many mothers engage in the desire of having a fulfilled career becoming less involved in the developmental stages of their children. Many children are too early placed in nurseries and day care centres as mothers return to work. Like Winnicott suggests, an absent mother will determine children to either grow up confused, non-passionate and psychologically affected individual’s or according to the rule of self development, will grow up to be individuals who have succeeded through self development. Another issue could be represented by the option of not nursing the infants in a natural way, but feeding them with formula milk. This fact could lead to the loss of bondage, security and love between mother and child. On the other side, technology and the multitude of equipments facilitate mothers’ ability to crate safe and stimulating settings for their children. The quality of early parental styles and the development of the child in relationship with others is associated with maternal attachment and is entirely responsible for the development of a child into a secure adult. References: Changing Minds, 2013. The good Enough Mother [online] available at: http://changingminds.org/disciplines/psychoanalysis/concepts/good-enough_mother.htm [Accessed on: 21nd April 2014] Phenomenological Psychology, 2009. Winnicott the â€Å"false self† and contemporary media celebrity. [Online] Available at: http://phenomenologicalpsychology.com/2009/05/winnicott-the-false-self-and-contemporary-media-celebrity/ [Accessed on: 22nd April 2014] Reber, A. (1995). Dictionary of psychology, (2nd ed.). London: Penguin books. Rodman, F. R (2003) Winnicott Biography: life and work. Cambridge, Persus Books. Winnicott, D (1965) The International Psycho-Analytical Library, 64:1-276. London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis. Winnicott, D (1971) Playing and reality. England: Penguin books. Winchester.ac.uk, 2011. Donald Winnicott’s contribution to understand children and parenting. [Online] available at: http://www2.winchester.ac.uk/edstudies/courses/level%20one%20sem%20one/es1204w7Winnicott.htm [Accessed on: 22nd April 2014]

Affirmative Action :: Affirmative Action Essays

For the past several years the argument over affirmative action has been a highly debated topic. The issue at hand is whether or not affirmative action is reverse discrimination or not. Affirmative action by definition "means taking positive steps to end discrimination, to prevent its recurrence, and to create new opportunities that were previously denied to qualified women and people of color," (Work & Family). The reason that affirmative action is so controversial is because Americans can't decide what they want. "Poll after poll concludes that Americans firmly support "‘affirmative action'" to create opportunities for women and people of color, while they vigorously oppose "quotas'" and "‘preferences'" for unqualified candidates," (Work & Family). Which is odd considering that the same "affirmative action" that people support does in fact, in some cases, put unqualified personnel in undeserving positi ons. For those people who believe affirmative action works they generally are only focusing on the diversity affirmative action has brought to jobs. Their arguments consist of wanting to see more ethnic and gender diversity in jobs that are usually being worked by white males. To many of these people quality is sometimes put aside for quantity and diversity. The strongest argument that the people who are in support of affirmative action is that having more gender and ethnical diversity brings more to the work place. This argument is very good and very accurate. Having different people in different jobs helps a company to work and receive input from all sorts of different perspectives. Which leads to a better understanding of what a wider cross-section of the target market wants. On the other hand the people who support affirmative action also give some not so strong arguments. The one that stands out the most is that companies don't try and fill quotas in their gender and ethnical h iring. Instead it is done entirely on skill alone. This is their weakest and most disputed argument. Especially when in many cases if two potential employees are close in skill the job will more than likely go to the potential employee who is a minority. As in the case of Paul Johnson versus Diane Joyce. Both had comparable skills, but even though Paul Johnson's oral interview was scored higher than Diane Joyce it was her that was selected for the job. "The Court upheld the county's use of Ms. Joyce's gender as a positive factor in choosing between these similarly-qualified candidates," (Work & Family). Affirmative Action :: Affirmative Action Essays For the past several years the argument over affirmative action has been a highly debated topic. The issue at hand is whether or not affirmative action is reverse discrimination or not. Affirmative action by definition "means taking positive steps to end discrimination, to prevent its recurrence, and to create new opportunities that were previously denied to qualified women and people of color," (Work & Family). The reason that affirmative action is so controversial is because Americans can't decide what they want. "Poll after poll concludes that Americans firmly support "‘affirmative action'" to create opportunities for women and people of color, while they vigorously oppose "quotas'" and "‘preferences'" for unqualified candidates," (Work & Family). Which is odd considering that the same "affirmative action" that people support does in fact, in some cases, put unqualified personnel in undeserving positi ons. For those people who believe affirmative action works they generally are only focusing on the diversity affirmative action has brought to jobs. Their arguments consist of wanting to see more ethnic and gender diversity in jobs that are usually being worked by white males. To many of these people quality is sometimes put aside for quantity and diversity. The strongest argument that the people who are in support of affirmative action is that having more gender and ethnical diversity brings more to the work place. This argument is very good and very accurate. Having different people in different jobs helps a company to work and receive input from all sorts of different perspectives. Which leads to a better understanding of what a wider cross-section of the target market wants. On the other hand the people who support affirmative action also give some not so strong arguments. The one that stands out the most is that companies don't try and fill quotas in their gender and ethnical h iring. Instead it is done entirely on skill alone. This is their weakest and most disputed argument. Especially when in many cases if two potential employees are close in skill the job will more than likely go to the potential employee who is a minority. As in the case of Paul Johnson versus Diane Joyce. Both had comparable skills, but even though Paul Johnson's oral interview was scored higher than Diane Joyce it was her that was selected for the job. "The Court upheld the county's use of Ms. Joyce's gender as a positive factor in choosing between these similarly-qualified candidates," (Work & Family).

Essay on Suicide

In the Aftermath of Teenage Suicide: A Qualitative Study of the Psycho social Consequences for the Surviving Family Members Committing suicide in the teenage years can be perceived as the ultimate rejection of family, of significant others, and of society. This article examines the causes and effect of suicide in the youth of Sweden. In its study, topics such as the background of where signs of com/suicide-speech-outline/">suicide are visible, methods of suicide, and results of suicide.The bereavement process after a suicide may differ qualitatively from other types of losses with prolonged reactions of grief and loneliness, greater feelings of shame, and perhaps most importantly, the prolonged search for the motive behind the suicide. This study examines the topic of teenage suicide through methodical and scientific evidence. In examining this article, the psychiatry of consequences of suicide and how an outsider’s perspective can be used to benefit and heal what was once a b roken family and the people affected by the death.This study’s main purpose was to interview surviving members that had lost a teenager by suicide to increase the understanding of the circumstances that these families are living under and to generate hypotheses to be tested in future research. The study examines how the family will search for monitory signs and clues to make sense of the tragedy at hand. Studies of family reactions following teenage suicide are hampered by the psychological difficulties of approaching the families and recruiting an unbiased sample of survivors.Most interview studies involve samples that are either compromised by a high attrition rate, or based on survivors who organize and actively work through the crisis in support groups for suicide survivors. They derived their study from a larger research project on teenage unnatural deaths in which all teenage suicides were identified and the results were based on file material alone. They used another m ixed method where professionals involved in the aftermath were interviewed to investigate suicide survivors and also parents and siblings.Since all suicide victims were financially dependent on their families and none of the deceased had established a family of their own, the study’s definition of a family was the persons living in the same household as the deceased at the time of the suicide. Persons included by this definition were biological parents, stepfathers, stepmothers, and siblings. To examine the family, a mutual trust and understanding had to be established with the respondents and critical self-reflection.The family had to make it known what was allowed and where the line was so the interviewers didn’t cross it. Because the study is a hypothesis generating study, all interviews were started with broad questions and were closed with questions such as, â€Å"What do you think of this interview? † The most poignant theme of the interviews was the searc h for the â€Å"why? † which still preoccupied most of the parents. This search became more salient when the suicide had come unexpectedly.Most of the teenagers had disguised their suicidal ideation not only from their families, but from other adults and peers. Nearly all parents expressed anger at being deceived, a deception that denied them the opportunity to provide parental support. Most teenagers and their families had lived a pro-social life, which had only increased the confusion and unanswered questions. Several had been known as a â€Å"pride to any parent. † Nonetheless, they still faced problems such as a broken love affair, fear of pregnancy, or difficulties with friends.The families had trouble seeing why what seemed like such trivial teenage problems had transformed into a matter of life and death. In hindsight, they reproached themselves for their ignorance. Even long after the suicide had occurred, families were still struggling to move on. Some parents had entertained the idea of committing suicide themselves, but decided against it since they know all too well the consequences for their actions. Most teenagers who commit suicide do not express suicidal feelings or otherwise hint at forthcoming suicide.To avoid â€Å"bothering† others, many families had withdrawn from casual socializing. The sense of being deceived results in low self-esteem and nourishes feelings of inferiority and shame. Many of the bereaved appeared to be imbedded in silence. Unfortunately, younger siblings had received little help to work the crisis through. These children are more likely to be burdened than older siblings and need more time, more persistence, and an uncompromising readiness by the adult to deal with the most difficult questions.Help needs to be directed as direct help to siblings and parents, as well as to the family as a whole. A teenager suicide is a devastating trauma for the surviving family as a whole and the absence of sustainab le explanations to the suicide is a predominant issue in the grief process. The prolonged social and psychological isolation of the families in grief should be challenged. There is a need for better understanding and treatment schemes for families who have lost a teenage family member in suicide, and especially for the younger siblings who are often forgotten.

For Word Count, Make Words Count

For Word Count, Make Words Count For Word Count, Make Words Count For Word Count, Make Words Count By Mark Nichol One of life’s great ironies for writers is that they spend their high school and college years padding essays and papers because an instructor requires a minimum word count. In the struggle to reach a 500-word or 1,000-word or 5,000-word lower limit, hurried, harried students facing a looming deadline will burden their assignments with prolix prose. Sometimes a teacher or professor will penalize the writer for indulging in this verbose verbiage, but more often the student will get away with it, or will at worst receive a merely acceptable grade, and this bad habit will be positively reinforced. Then, students foolish enough to decide to become journalists or practice some other form of professional writing may oh, the irony discover that they must develop a diametrically opposite skill: Many newspaper and magazine writers are assigned to turn articles in that adhere to a maximum word count. At first, achieving this goal may seem out of reach, but then they conduct research and interviews and the words start to pile up. Often, before they know it, they’re facing down a 4,000-word draft of a 2,500-word article. At this point, the solution is not simply to slash nominalizations and pursue other strategies to make writing more concise, but to hack away at entire sentences, paragraphs, and sections, paring the piece down to its essentials. Then, when you’re within 100 words or so of your word count, you can further reduce on a phrasal level. But you’re not done yet. After you turn the piece in, your editor may ask you to provide more details or provide another point of view, and more cutting may be in order to accommodate the addition. Later, you may be told that the layout of your article is losing a page, or that the photographer assigned to shoot some pictures to go with it has so many good shots that the designer wants to add another image to the opening spread. Cut, cut, cut. Abridging an article is usually painful for the artist who has assembled it, so count on a family member or a friend to provide some dispassionate direction. Writers often feel that such condensing ruins a piece, but the truth is that readers are unlikely to feel that anything is missing. If it’s any consolation, if you retain republication rights, you might be able to sell a more extension version to another publication, or you can post the entire article to your own Web site. (You might even request that the editor run the full article, rather than the version published in the print publication, on the publication’s site.) You can always ask your editor to make more room for your story, but the decision is up to them (or may be out of their hands even though they would prefer to do so), and it’s unwise to push your argument farther than one polite request. A writer who turns in lean copy and will graciously render it even leaner on request is a writer who receives additional assignments or gets calls or emails about subsequent pitches returned. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word FormsJanuary 1 Doesn't Need an "st"

Pearl harbor and ww2 essays

Pearl harbor and ww2 essays Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 a date which will live in infamy the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. President Roosevelt said this in his speech addressing the nation concerning the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. If the United States had joined the war prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the attack may not have even taken place due to the fact that the ships stationed out of Pearl Harbor would be deployed throughout the world. The United States should have joined the Second World War prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor because of the Roosevelt Corollary, the German violation of the Treaty of Versailles, and it can be proven that the United States entered the war prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. One reason why the United States should have entered the Second World War prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor would be because of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. The Roosevelt Corollary gave justification for the United States to use military force in the Western Hemisphere when it was needed. Although the Western Hemisphere does not include much of where World War Two was fought, this corollary put the point across of the United States being a police force to help their allies. Roosevelt declared that the United States would, exercise international police power in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence. This statement by Roosevelt can be interpreted to the fact that as an international police power, the United States should have gone to war in 1939 when Germany unleashed Blitzkrieg warfare against Poland. Prior to the German invasion of Poland, Germany violated the Treaty of Versailles. Another reason why the United States should have entered the Second World War prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor would be how the Germans violated th...

Technical report -information system for a FBO Assignment

Technical report -information system for a FBO - Assignment Example The main business operation is focused around the hangar maintenance with other departments to provide the support functions of the business. First, the back office solutions will be discussed as a support function for the information system. This report will then break down the information system as it pertains to each department by the hardware and software that is required for the users to properly perform the functions of their job. Schematic System requirements Hardware Requirements All the computer system in this setup have a similar structure containing the main memory, the processor, and peripheral devices such as output and input devices, secondary storage, Visual display unit among others. The main functionality of the system is to synchronize all the systems so that they are able to carry out several functionalities as being commanded by the installed programs. The central processing Unit (CPU) is the most fundamental component of any computer system. This directly implies that the proper functionality of a system is fully dependent on the type and speed of the processor. Also, the functions of the processor are made possible by the availability of the main memory also known as random access memory (RAM) which acts as a storage for the programs that are processed by the central processing unit and this also depicts its importance. In this scenario, high performance of the setup system is importance. Thus to enhance this high performance, powerful computers are required. In summary, the hardware specifications to enhance high performance in this system are listed in the table below. Component Requirement Processor Specification 3rd Generation Intel Core i5-3330 processor 6M Cache Speed – 3.2GHz Memory 8GB Dual Channel DDR3 SDRAM, 1600MHz Available Disk Space 1TB Hard Drive 3.5" 7200rpm, SATA Drive DVD+/-RW Tray Load Drive, 16X, SATA Display and Peripherals Monitor, Keyboard and pointing device The recommended computer system which contains the above stated components is Inspiron 660 Desktop. This Computer is designed produce high performance. This is made possible by the third generation Intel core processor and the main memory of 8 GB. Moreover, the computer is equipped with four USB 3.0 ports, HDMI connection, 8 – in -1 media card to facilitate connectivity to other peripheral devices. Other peripheral devices Device Cost Cisco Linksys E1200 Wireless Router $ 44.99 HP – Office jet Pro 8600 Plus Network-Ready Wireless All-In-One Printer $ 229.99 To facilitate communication of all the devices over the network and the internet, Local Area Network is setup which includes a wireless network for wireless devices. Also, to facilitate the day to day printing services, HP – Office pro 8600 plus printer is installed. Basic Structure of the network Server Hardware Requirements The processor should 3rd generation Intel i3 processors with a minimum speed of 2 GHz. The recommended for this task should 3rd generat ion i3 processors with a speed of 2.16 GHz. The processor should Intel Manufactured. The recommended minimum Random Access Memory is 1 GB or higher. Considering the above stated specifications, the best server to

Security issues involved with the transition of IPv4 to IPv6 Research Paper

Security issues involved with the transition of IPv4 to IPv6 - Research Paper Example This helps them stay connected to their colleagues or bosses at work as on the other hand helping them solve minor home based problems by use of the internet resources. As a matter of fact, many people are adopting the work from home formula from the benefit of readily available internet supply. This kind of technological change makes the internet a reliable resource on a varied range of applications. Above all, the internet is now one of the main channels of communication. For instance, business people use it to transfer information on their transactions and governments use it for conducting administrative functions. However, many governments are struggling to strengthen its security levels every new day. According to Hinden and Deering in the publication IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture 2006, it is true to state that the internet is a significant resource for the entire world. Below the application layer, where the above mentioned internet services are out in the open to the en d user, the network comprises of a number of routers, servers and other network enabled devices which transfer information/data by use of standard set of protocols. ... This leads to the security issues that link to the set standards of protocols in the networking systems. Today the generation of Internet Protocol is the IPV4 which is in existence since the 80’s. It plays a role in the internet growth since then. This internet protocol can be effortlessly installed and is interoperable using 32 bit address space to contain approximately 4 billion unique addresses. However, as the internet is growing rapidly, the IPV4 is facing a lot of challenges which include forthcoming exhaustion of the IPV4 address space, security issues, configuration problems and other technical complications at the IP stage. The IPV4 suffers Denial of Service (DOS) attacks which is an action to make the computer resource unavailable to its set users. This happens in flooding the target host with requests, consequently stopping authenticate network traffic to access the host. The IPV4 is a target for viruses and worms transfer as a result of the exhaustible address spac e of the IPV4. The IPV4 exposes confidential data of end users to attackers and hackers who can easily modify without their knowledge. The IPV4 faces fragmentation attacks where the victim host can crash, hang or reboot as a result of the fragmented ICMP packets that exceed the total allowable size for IP data address. There are technological ways to control the above mentioned security issues in connection with IPV4. The transition of IPV4 to IPV6 is one of the ways that involves the end users, administrators and the network operators (Sotillo 5). However, this transition comes with its own security issues. This transition process is conducted to ensure modest disturbance occurs in executing hosts and routers